Social Media Final Terms

Question 1

ARPANet

Answer 1

The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network, this system of networked computers was started in 1969 with funding and oversight from the U.S. military. The network was designed to allow researchers to share data quickly and confidentially across large spaces.

Question 2

E-mail

Answer 2

A form of electronic communication in which users can send each other private messages to digital mailboxes, similar to sending a letter through a traditional mail service.

Question 3

Goldilocks effect

Answer 3

A phenomenon that explains how having too few or too many friends or contacts can result in others making negative judgements about the social attractiveness of a SNS user.

Question 4

Context collapse

Answer 4

A situation, common, to social networking sites, in which information created for a specific audience is shared with multiple audiences at the same time.

Question 5

Impression management

Answer 5

The act of disclosing and concealing personal information in order to control the impressions that others form of you.

Question 6

Bucket brigades

Answer 6

A type of social network in which one person communicates or interacts with only one other person in a linear fashion, passing information from one to one.

Question 7

Telephone tree

Answer 7

A type of social network in which one person is responsible for contacting a set number of people who in turn contact a set number of people “below” them.

Question 8

Emoticons

Answer 8

Using combinations of keyboard symbols to represent facial expressions.

Question 9

Hyper-personal relationships

Answer 9

Relationships that develop online more than they would face to face.

Question 10

Social marketers

Answer 10

Advertising and marketing professionals who use new media technologies, specifically social media, to attempt to influence audiences.

Question 11

Opinion leaders

Answer 11

People who influence others through word of mouth.

Question 12

Geo-positioning software

Answer 12

Software programs that use satellite relay to determine the position of a person, place, or object on Earth.

Question 13

Fear appeals

Answer 13

A campaign strategy that attempts to get people to change their behaviors by instilling fear regarding the behavior in question.

Question 14

Self-efficacy

Answer 14

Our beliefs in our ability to do something.

Question 15

Motivation

Answer 15

The perception of positive or negative outcomes that will follow a behavior.

Question 16

Handbills

Answer 16

Short announcements or advertisements, typically printed on a single sheet, handed out in public areas.

Question 17

Penny press

Answer 17

A term referring to cheap, mass-produced newspapers of the late 19th Century that made their profits from ad sales rather than sales of the paper itself.

Question 18

News hole

Answer 18

The space that is left for content once the advertising has been placed.

Question 19

Quiz show scandal

Answer 19

An event that took place during the 1950’s, where advertisers were rigging popular quiz shows so that attractive contestants would be associated with their products.

Question 20

Television markets

Answer 20

A designated metropolitan area in which network television may broadcast.

Question 21

Reach

Answer 21

The number of people exposed to an advertisement.

Question 22

Click-through rate

Answer 22

A measure of the effectiveness of an online ad based on the number of hits it receives.

Question 23

Sponsored links

Answer 23

A type of advertising in which companies pay search engines to list their products or services first when certain key words are used in searches.

Question 24

Big data

Answer 24

The increasing focus on the electronic amalgamation of enormous amounts of consumer data in order to target consumers.

Question 25

Integrated marketing communication

Answer 25

Using as many media channels as possible to promote a product.

Question 26

Social marketing

Answer 26

The concept that behaviors can be promoted in the same way as products and services.

Question 27

Ad council

Answer 27

A non-profit group that essentially founded social marketing, encouraging U.S. citizens to purchase war bonds during World War II and do other activities to help the war effort.

Question 28

Cognitive dissonance

Answer 28

A mismatch between one’s beliefs and one’s actions.

Question 29

Terror management theory

Answer 29

A theory suggesting that the induction of fear of death can lead to compliance with health messages.

Question 30

Morality salience

Answer 30

The perception that one’s behaviors may lead to death.

Question 31

Hot media

Answer 31

Those media that require our active engagement and attention in order to be used.

Question 32

Cool media

Answer 32

Those media that can be used without active engagement and attention.

Question 33

Media effect

Answer 33

Something that happens as a result of using media. Effects can usually be understood as being cognitive (influencing our thoughts), affective (influencing our feelings), or behavioral (influencing our behaviors).

Question 34

Digital age

Answer 34

An age of mass media characterized by using digital methods for message creation and transmission.

Question 35

Analog

Answer 35

A storage medium that uses a physical device to store information for retrieval.

Question 36

Digital

Answer 36

A storage medium that encodes information in binary code to be decoded upon request by a computer processor.

Question 37

Binary

Answer 37

The language of computing technology; this is the storing of information in electrical circuits using a series of 1 and 0 commands to represent on or off.

Question 38

Virtual reality

Answer 38

Technologies that stimulate physical presence in virtual spaces.

Question 39

Sandbox/ sandbox video games

Answer 39

A type of video game that allows players to progress through different points in the game environment in a nonlinear fashion and allows players to solve in-game challenges in a number of different ways.

Question 40

Parkour/ parkour gaming

Answer 40

A type of video game play common to sandbox video games in which players walk around and travel in the virtual space of the video game without focusing on in-game goals and challenges

Question 41

Bandwidth

Answer 41

For a given data signal, the capacity and rate at which it can transmit digital information.

Question 42

Smartphone

Answer 42

A cellular phone with computer like functionality, such as a Web browser, internal data processor, and hard drive for data storage.

Question 43

Comstock Act

Answer 43

Passed on March 3, 1873, this Act made it illegal to send “obscene, lwed, and/or lascivious” content through the U.S. Postal Service. It was actually passed as an amendment to the original Post Office Act.

Question 44

Industrial revolution

Answer 44

• A period of time in the U.S. generally the late 19th and early 20th Century when the country’s economy shifted from a focus on agriculture to a focus on manufacturing. As part of this shift, many people began leaving smaller farming communities and migrating to larger urban spaces where factories were located.

Question 45

Embedded journalist

Answer 45

• Reporters who report on events by placing themselves in the actual event, such as a war correspondent traveling with a military division to report as part of the action.

Question 46

Media watchdogs

Answer 46

People and organizations, usually volunteers, or concerned individuals without any legal authority, who tend to carefully monitor media content for the presence of antisocial content and share their concerns through public channels.

Question 47

Communication Decency Act

Answer 47

Passed as part of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, CDA was one of the first attempts by the U.S. Congress to regulate obscene content in particular, pornography on the Internet.

Question 48

Internet Service Providers

Answer 48

Companies that control and manage access to the Internet by selling subscribers the necessary equipment and services.

Question 49

Mean World Effect

Answer 49

A phenomenon by which individuals who watch a lot of crime and violence on television feel as if the real world is a violent and dangerous place; part of Gerbner’s cultivation hypothesis.

Question 50

Displacement Hypothesis

Answer 50

A theory that suggests that time spent using entertainment media might take away from our time spent with other people.

Question 51

Edutainment

Answer 51

A combination of education and entertainment, this notion refers to using entertainment content to teach different academic or social lessons.