Social Learning Theory & Personality Flashcards
What are the 5 traits from McCrae and Costa?
Openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeable, neuroticism
What traits are in Eysencks PEN theory?
Psychoticism, Neuroticism, Extraversion, Introversion
What is in Maslow’s hierachy of needs?
Physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem and self actualisation.
What is the humanistic approach to personality?
People are born good
What did Eysencks believe about personality?
He believed that personality is geneticallly inherited
What did Rogers believe about personality?
People are born good
What is personality?
Individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving
What are traits?
A personality characteristic that is consistent, long lasting and occurs over various situations
What does Carl Rogers focus on in personality?
He focuses on the positive dimensions
What is openness?
Imaginative, insightful, creative, curious, having wide interests
What is conscientiousness?
Organised, competent, reliable, self discliplined
What is extroversion?
Outgoing, socialable, talkative, energetic
What is agreeableness?
Cooperative, kind, affectionate
What is neuroticism?
Anxious, moody, impulsive, vulnerable
What is incongruence?
A state of inconsistency between peoples self concept and experiences, leading to denial and distortion of reality
What is congruence?
A state of consistency between peoples self concept and their actual experiences
Define stimulus
Something that evokes a specific reaction
Define Response
A reaction to a stimulus
What is classical conditioning?
Learning a new behaviour by the process of association
Who first described classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov in 1899
What are the 3 steps of classical conditioning?
Before, during and after conditioning
What are the key terms of CC?
Neutral stimulus (NS), unconditioned stimulus (UCS), unconditioned response (UCR) conditioned stimulus (CS), conditioned response (CR)
What is the law of effect?
Any behaviour that is followed by pleasant consequences is likely to be repeated. Any behaviour followed by unpleasant consequences is likely to be stopped.
What is a positive reinforcement?
When something desirable is obtained to make a behaviour occur again
Negative reinforcement?
A response or behaviour is strengthened by stopping or avoiding a negative outcome. It is the removal of something unpleasant
Positive punishment?
When something undesirable is received after a behaviour to make it stop. Punishment is used in attempt to decrease a behaviour
Negative punishment?
This is when something desirable is taken away after a behaviour to make it stop
What is observational learning?
Learning through watching others and copying their behaviour
What is operant conditioning?
Operant conditioning is learning a behaviour through consequence and rewards
What is a neutral stimulus?
Initially produces no specific response other than attention
What is an unconditioned stimulus?
Triggers a response to the stimulus shown
What is an unconditioned response?
An unlearned response that occurs naturally in response to the UCS
What is a conditioned stimulus?
Previously NS that when paired with a UCS, it triggers a CR
