Social Learning Theory Flashcards
Social Learning Theory
A01- Observation/Attention
Observation/Attention-
Learning begins with paying attention to the model in order to learn from them. Role Model= likely to be someone person looks up too eg peers, family members, high status, attractive people etc. Also factors affecting whether someone attends to the behaviour can depend on how distinctive it is and relevant it is for the individual
Social Learning Theory
A01= Retention
The behaviour being modelled needs to be retained by the observer, as behaviour is usually required to be imitated at a later time. Imagery and language assist the process, we tend to be stored either as mental images or verbal descriptors. Bandura suggests that mental rehearsal (going over the behaviour in your head) is a good way of remembering complicated actions. This is the COGNITIVE element of the theory- means that the behaviour is not copied immediately but can emerge much later
Social Learning Theory
A01= Motor Reproduction (imitation)
Motor reproduction-
The behaviour is then performed. This involves reproducing the actions that have been observed and retained- actions can be further refined by practise. For the observer, their own level of self esteem is an important factor for imitation. People with low esteem are more likely to be imitated there needs to be self efficacy- belief they have the skills to reproduce the behaviour
Social Learning Theory
A01= Vicarious Learning
If a behaviour is punished it is less likely to be repeated and if rewarded, more likely to be repeated. Vicarious reinforcement is important for modelling, if there is no reinforcement the likelihood of imitation lessens. Vicarious reinforcement is an indirect copy, we learn via their successes and mistake. However, vicarious learning is to a direct reward or punishment, but is how an individual learns by watching other being rewarded or punished. Observing a successful criminal is therefore more likely to be a motivation then an unsuccessful one. Also if the crime is seen as victimless, they are more likely to copy it
Social Learning Theory
A01= Vicarious Learning 2
Vicarious reinforcement- occurs when you imitate the behaviour of someone who has been reinforced for than behaviour, as when avoiding hot water having seen another person burned by it
Vicarious punishment- Occurs when the tendency to engage in a behaviour is weakened after having observed the negative consequences for mother engaging in that behaviour
Vicarious extinction- Occurs when it is noticed that the person who has been observing engaging in the behaviour is no longer rewarded and so the behaviour that was once imitated stops
Social Learning Theory
A01= Motivation
Motivation- Whether a behaviour is continued depends on motivation. Such motivation may come from external reinforcements and self reinforcement; an individual is more likely to copy if motivated to learn by vicarious or internal reinforcement
External/extrinsic- If behaviour is rewarded it will be repeated. This kind of motivation revolves around some come of physical outcome such as money or attention.
Self/internal/intrinsic- Behaviour is mor emotive ting if some internal need is satisfied such as excitement; eg improved self concept through compliments
