Social Learning Theory

Question 1

Associated with the work of Bandura, not all learning occurs through the direct experience of consequences

Answer 1

Some learning occurs through observing the behaviours of others

Question 2

Modelling

Answer 2

Individual carries out a behaviour and we observe them doing this
Live or symbolic
Demonstrate examples of behaviour and we learn behaviour in this way

Question 3

Imitation

Answer 3

When we observe, we may then reproduce

Conditioning relatively slow, imitation rapid

Question 4

Imitation more likely to occur if

Answer 4

We identify with model
Perceive we have the ability to perform
We expect behaviour will have positive consequences

Question 5

Identification

Answer 5

We want to be associated with them
We must feel she is similar to us in some way
Research suggests same sex models more likely than opposite
Similarity suggests we will experience the same outcomes/consequences

Question 6

Vicarious reinforcement

Answer 6

Feedback on consequences of the behaviour and judge for themselves the likelihood of experiencing those same outcomes

Question 7

Mediational progresses

Answer 7

Internal mental processes
Mental representation
Not automatic
Makes decision based on vacations reinforcement and self efficacy

Question 8

Bandura research

Answer 8

Investigate if social behaviours can be acquired by observation and imitation
Small children age 3-5 non inflatable doll
Non aggressive model and violent model and no model
Left in a room with them
Difference in behaviour mostly boys and male model

Question 9

Follow up studies

Answer 9

1965 different consequences
One group saw reward
One group saw model punished

Replicated doll with live clown

Question 10

Practical applications

Answer 10

Understand things like criminal behaviour, exposed to models commit criminal behaviour
Ulrich strongest predictor of violence was belonging to delinquent peer group where violence was modelled and rewarded

Question 11

Media can change health related behaviours using

Answer 11

Characters to model desired behaviour (drinking alcohol in moderation) to similar target audience, helping to identify and more likely replicate healthy behaviour

Question 12

Social learning approach can be used to reduce

Answer 12

Criminal behaviour and improve health

Question 13

Not as reductionist

Answer 13

Does not reduce learning to stimulus response
Takes into account importance of cognitive factors
Self efficacy, identification and vicarious reinforcement (mediational processes)

Question 14

This means that social learning approach provides a more

Answer 14

Valid and holistic explanation of human learning than the behavioural approach by recognising the role of meditational processes

Question 15

Lacks ecological validity

Answer 15

Lab settings, contrived
Demand characteristics doll designed to be hit
Want to avoid punishment from parent, want to demand demands of research

Question 16

This means the social learning approach may

Answer 16

Not provide a valid explanation of how behaviours are learnt in real life

Question 17

Over estimates the role of nurture

Answer 17

Behaviour is acquired through observing behaviour of others, in our control
Overlooks the influence of biological factors
Boys more aggressive than girls could be from testosterone

Question 18

This means the social learning learning approach may be

Answer 18

Incomplete as behaviour is more likely to be caused by an interaction of nature and nurture.