social learning theory

Question 1

in SLT individuals that are observed are called what?

Answer 1

models

Question 2

what are the four mediational processes

Answer 2

Attention

Retention

Reproduction

Motivation

Question 3

evaluate slt

Answer 3

SLT provides a more comprehensive explanation of human learning by recognizing the role of mediational processes.

it ignores the biological explanation for behaviour

Question 4

what did bandura find from his study

Answer 4

Children who observed the aggressive model made far more imitative aggressive responses than those who were in the non-aggressive or control groups.

Boys were more likely to imitate same-sex models than girls

Boys imitated more physically aggressive acts than girls. There was little difference in the verbal aggression between boys and girls.

Question 5

what is attention in SLT

Answer 5

whether we notice behaviour

Question 6

what is retention

Answer 6

whether we remember the behaviour

Question 7

what is reproduction

Answer 7

whether we are able too perform the behaviour

Question 8

what is motivation

Answer 8

whether the perceived rewards outweigh the perceived costs

Question 9

what is vicarious rienforcement

Answer 9

Vicarious reinforcement occurs when an individual observes another person behave in a certain way and experience a consequence perceived as desirable by the observer, and as a result, the observer behaves as the model did.

Question 10

what is learning through observation

Answer 10

method of learning that consists of observing and modeling another individual’s behavior

Question 11

cons of SLT

Answer 11

reductionist as it ignores the biological approach

Question 12

what did Pavlov find

Answer 12

Pavlov showed that dogs could be conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell if that sound was repeatedly presented at the same time that they were given food.

Question 13

what did pavlov do

Answer 13

the dogs were presented with the food, they salivated. The food was the unconditioned stimulus and salivation was an unconditioned (innate) response. Then Pavlov sounded the bell (neutral stimulus) before giving the food.

After a few pairings the dogs salivated when they heard the bell even when no food was given. The bell had become the conditioned stimulus and salivation had become the conditioned response.

Question 14

who was BF skinner

Answer 14

B. F. Skinner was an American psychologist best-known for his influence on behaviorism.

Question 15

what is operant conditioning

Answer 15

is a method of learning where the consequences of a response determine the probability of it being repeated.

for example behaviour that is rewarded is more likely to be repeated than behaviour that is punished

Question 16

how did skinner study operant conditioning

Answer 16

he used skinner boxes which was a way of studying an animal’s behaviour quickly

An animal can be rewarded or punished for engaging in certain behaviors, such as lever pressing (for rats) or key pecking (for pigeons).

Question 17

what responses did skinner identify

Answer 17

Neutral operants

Reinforcers

Punishers

Question 18

what are Neutral operants

Answer 18

they are responses from the environment that neither increase nor decrease the probability of a behavior being repeated.

Question 19

what are reinforcers

Answer 19

Responses from the environment that increase the probability of a behavior being repeated. Reinforcers can be either positive or negative.

Question 20

what are punishers

Answer 20

Responses from the environment that decrease the likelihood of a behavior being repeated. Punishment weakens behavior.

Question 21

what is the two-process model

Answer 21

According to the two-process model, phobias are initiated through classical conditioning (learning through association) and maintained through operant conditioning (negative reinforcement).

Question 22

what is systematic desensitisation

Answer 22

the participant is taught a relaxation technique and is then exposed to a hierarchy of the thing that they fear.

the participant then works their way up the hierarchy whilst using the relaxation technique

as a result the ppt should overcome their fear

Question 23

what is flooding

Answer 23

flooding is an extreme form of behavioural therapy in which the ppt is exposed too the most frightening situation immediately

With flooding, a person is unable to avoid (negatively reinforce) their phobia and through continuous exposure, anxiety levels decrease.

Question 24

evaluate flooding

Answer 24

cost effective treatment for phobias

it is highly traumatic for patients

Question 25

what is ellis’ ABC model

Answer 25

Ellis proposed the A-B-C three stage model, to explain how irrational thoughts could lead to depression

A= activating event
B= beliefs
C=consequences

Question 26

what was banduras assignment

Answer 26

24 assigned too an aggressive model
24 assigned to a non aggressive model
24 to a control group with no model

Question 27

what is imitation in social learning theory

Answer 27

when an individual copies the behaviour of a role model

Question 28

what was the sample in banduras study

Answer 28

36 boys and 36 girls from the Stanford University Nursery School aged between 3 to 6 years old.