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BH 24PSY-1AL-B1 Year 12 > Social Influence: Explanations of Conformity > Flashcards

Social Influence: Explanations of Conformity Flashcards

1
Q

Asch’s study only used males in the sample for his experiment. What type of bias does the study have?

A

Gender Bias

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2
Q

Asch’s study is gender bias, how do you know?

A

Because he used a male only sample

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3
Q

Asch’s study was only conducted on males, why is this a problem?

A

It is difficult to generalise the findings to females

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4
Q

Why is it difficult to generalise Asch’s results on conformity to females?

A

Females may conform more as research suggests they are more concerned about social relationships & liked by peers showing NSI explains conformity for some groups of people rather than others (females more than males).

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5
Q

Give two ways in which the methodology can be criticised in Asch’s research into conformity.

A

1) Gender Bias

2) Lacks Ecological Validity

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6
Q

In Asch’s study, the participant was joined by…

A

7 - 9 confederates

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7
Q

Asch’s sample?

A

123 American Male Students

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8
Q

When did participants give their answer?

A

Last or second to last - heard all the confederate answers first

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9
Q

Asch’s Task

A

Match the comparison line to the standard lines a/b/c in terms of length

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10
Q

How many times did they confederates give the identical wrong answer?

A

12/18 times - called the critical trials

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11
Q

Asch’s findings…

A

Participants gave the wrong answer 37% of the time

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12
Q

Post-experiment interviews on Asch’s participants found hat they conformed ….

A

publicly not privately to avoid ridicule

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13
Q

Asch’s research supports which explanation of conformity?

A

NSI

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14
Q

Why did Asch’s results support NSI?

A

As the task was unambiguous, participants conformed publicly to be accepted by the group

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15
Q

Name the two explanations of conformity

A

ISI

NSI

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16
Q

ISI stands for…

A

Informational Social Influence

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17
Q

NSI stands for…

A

Normative Social Influence

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18
Q

ISI is driven by the desire…

A

To be right

19
Q

When does an individual conform according to ISI?

A

When they lack knowledge

20
Q

In ISI, when we lack knowledge, what do we seek from who?

A

Information from the group on how to behave and assume it is right

21
Q

What kind of process is ISI?

A

Cognitive

22
Q

ISI is linked to which type of conformity?

A

Internalisation

23
Q

NSI is driven by a desire…

A

To be liked

24
Q

According to NSI, why will a person go along with the groups behaviour? Give 3 reasons

A

Avoid ridicule

Gain acceptance

Fit in

25
Q

What kind of process is NSI?

A

An emotional process

26
Q

NSI is linked to what type of conformity?

A

Compliance

27
Q

Conformity is changes in individuals…

A

beliefs & behaviours

28
Q

Why do individuals change beliefs & behaviours according to the definition of conformity…

A

Real or imagined group pressure

29
Q

Who conducted research to support NSI?

A

Asch

30
Q

Who supported research to support ISI?

A

Jenness

31
Q

How did Asch vary group size?

A

Varied the number of confederates//the majority

32
Q

What did Asch find about conformity rates when group size was varied?

A

As the number of confederates increased, conformity rates increased

33
Q

In the group size variation, when do the conformity rates plateau?

A

When there are 3 confederates

34
Q

When there is complete agreement from the group - this is called?

A

Unanimity

35
Q

How did Asch break Unanimity?

A

Adding a dissenting confederate

36
Q

What answer did the dissenting confederate give?

A

The correct answer - different to the majority’s view

37
Q

What happened to conformity rates when Asch broke unanimity?

A

Conformity rates decreases (5.5%)

38
Q

How did Asch vary the task difficulty?

A

Made the stimulus and comparison lines more similar in length

39
Q

What happens to the rate of conformity as task difficulty increases?

A

Conformity rates increase

40
Q

Why do conformity rates increase as the difficulty of the task increases?

A

The answer becomes less obvious so we lose confidence so conform

41
Q

How does Jenness’s study support the concept of Informational Social Influence (ISI) as an explanation for conformity?

A

This supports ISI because the task was ambiguous and as the participants were unsure of the answer, they sought information from the group and changed their estimate publicly and privately to be right. Therefore, increasing the validity of ISI as an explanation of conformity.

42
Q

Why does research to support ISI as an explanation for conformity, by Jenness, lack ecological
validity?

A

This is because the study took place in an artificial environment (lab). Therefore, it is difficult to generalise the findings that individuals conform due to a desire to be right, to real life examples of ISI, as in real life, people may be less likely to conform to a group as there may be consequences for
their actions, unlike in an artificial lab setting. Thus, further reducing the external validity of the research in to ISI and questioning ISI as an explanation of conformity.

43
Q

How does Asch’s study support the concept of NSI as an explanation for conformity?

A

This supports NSI as an explanation of conformity BECAUSE the task was unambiguous and the participants later stated they knew the answer but
conformed in order to avoid ridicule from the group, which is what NSI suggests. Therefore, increasing the validity of NSI as an explanation of conformity.

44
Q

Why is research to support NSI as an explanation for conformity, by Asch, gender bias?

A

As only males were tested it is difficult to generalise the findings to females as
it is suggested that females might be more conformist because they are more concerned about social relationships and are more concerned with being liked by their peers than males (Neto,1995). Therefore, this shows that NSI explains conformity for some people (females) more than it does for others (males).

BH 24PSY-1AL-B1 Year 12 (21 decks)

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