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RB 12B2 > Social Influence: Conformity To Social Roles - FF > Flashcards

Social Influence: Conformity To Social Roles - FF Flashcards

1
Q

Who studied conformity to social roles?

A

Zimbardo

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2
Q

Social roles are the parts that people play as members of various…?

A

Social groups

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3
Q

Social roles are accompanied by expectations that we and other have of appropriate behaviour in that role. What do we do with these expectations?

A

Internalise them

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4
Q

In what decade was Zimbardo’s study conducted?

A

1970’s

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5
Q

What did Zimbardo study?

A

Conformity to social roles

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6
Q

What sampling technique did Zimbardo use?

A

Volunteer

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7
Q

What was Zimbardo’s sample?

A

24 emotionally stable American male university students

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8
Q

How were the volunteers allocated to their role of prisoner or guard?

A

Randomly

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9
Q

Where were the prisoners arrested?

A

At their homes

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10
Q

What were the prisoners made to wear?

A

A smock uniform with a number attached

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11
Q

What were the guards made to wear?

A

Uniform, a night stick and mirrored glasses

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12
Q

Why were the prisoners and guards given uniforms?

A

To create a loss of personal identity

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13
Q

Where was Zimbardo’s study conducted?

A

Stanford University

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14
Q

What did Zimbardo set up in the basement of Stanford University?

A

A mock prison

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15
Q

What is a key term meaning ‘loss of personal identity’?

A

Deindividuation

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16
Q

What role did Zimbardo take on in the experiment?

A

Superintendent

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17
Q

Within a day, the prisoners rebelled. How?

A

By ripping off their numbers

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18
Q

As the experiment continued, what happened to the punishments by the guards?

A

They escalated

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19
Q

What key term means that someone is starting to identify with their social role?

A

Identification

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20
Q

Why were some prisoners released early?

A

Showed serious stress-related reactions

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21
Q

How many prisoners were released early due to showing symptoms of psychological disturbance?

A

Three

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22
Q

How long was the role play supposed to last for?

A

Two weeks

23
Q

How long did the role play actually last for?

A

Six days

24
Q

Did guards and prisoners conform to their social roles?

A

Yes

25
Q

AO3: Does Zimbardo’s research have high or low control over extraneous variables?

A

High

26
Q

AO3: Zimbardo’s sample was all male. What bias does this mean the sample has?

A

Gender bias

27
Q

AO3: Does Zimbardo’s study having high control over extraneous variables increase the internal or external validity?

A

Internal

28
Q

AO3: Does Zimbardo’s study having gender bias decrease the internal or external validity?

A

External validity

29
Q

AO3: What word can we use to describe an all male sample?

A

Androcentric

30
Q

AO3: Did Zimbardo’s research have any ethical issues?

A

Yes

31
Q

AO3: Why was there a lack of informed consent in Zimbardo’s study?

A

Prisoner’s did not consent to being arrested

32
Q

AO3: Why were the prisoner’s not protected from harm?

A

Some showed signs of psychological disturbance

33
Q

AO3: What do ethical issues reduce for Zimbardo’s study?

A

Credibility

34
Q

AO3: What did Zimbardo provide several years after his study?

A

Debriefing sessions

35
Q

AO3: What did Zimbardo conclude from his debriefing sessions?

A

There were no long-lasting negative effects

36
Q

AO3: Is Zimbardo’s research prone to demand characteristics?

A

Yes

37
Q

AO3: Why is Zimbardo’s research prone to demand characteristics?

A

Zimbardo was Superintendent and participants were paid

38
Q

AO3: Does Zimbardo’s study being prone to demand characteristics affect the internal or external validity?

A

Internal validity

39
Q

‘The parts that people play as members of various social groups’ is a definition of what key term?

A

Social roles

40
Q

Conformity to social roles was conducted by who?

A

Zimbardo

41
Q

‘24 emotionally stable American male university students’ - who’s sample is this?

A

Zimbardo’s

42
Q

Who took on the role of Superintendent in Zimbardo’s study?

A

Zimbardo

43
Q

Zimbardo randomly allocated participants to which two roles?

A

Guard and Prisoner

44
Q

Why is Zimbardo’s sample gender bias?

A

Because he used an all male sample

45
Q

What does identification mean?

A

Someone is starting to identify with their social role - take on the behaviours.

46
Q

What happened to the prisoners that showed serious stress-related reactions and how many were they?

A

5 - They were released early.

47
Q

In Zimbardo’s study, who conformed to their social roles?

A

Both guards and prisoners

48
Q

Where did Zimbardo set up a mock prison?

A

In the basement of Stanford University

49
Q

Describe the sample used in Zimbardo’s study.

A

The sample consisted of 24 ‘emotionally stable’ US male university students who were determined to be emotionally stable through psychological testing prior to the study.

50
Q

What routines and systems were established to simulate a realistic prison environment?

A

Routines included regular shifts, mealtimes, visiting times, a parole and disciplinary board, with Zimbardo himself taking on the role of the prison superintendent.

51
Q

How did the random allocation of roles affect the internal validity of Zimbardo’s research?

A

The random allocation increased the internal validity of the research by allowing Zimbardo to accurately measure the power of social roles on levels of conformity, rather than the behavior being influenced by individual personality differences.

52
Q

How does the use of a male-only sample impact the external validity of Zimbardo’s research into conformity to social roles?

A

The use of a male-only sample reduces the external validity of the research because the findings may not apply equally to women, questioning the generalisability of the results to the broader population.

53
Q

Why are there ethical issues with Zimbardo’s Research?

A

There was a lack of informed consent, as the prisoners did not consent to being arrested at their homes and were only told they were taking part in an experiment investigating prison life.

RB 12B2 (18 decks)

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