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Psychology paper 1 > Social Influence > Flashcards

Social Influence Flashcards

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1
Q

types of conformity (least deep to most deep)

A
  • Compliance
  • Identification
  • Internalisation
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2
Q

compliance

A
  • superficial change
  • public not private change
  • behaviour stops when group pressure stops
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3
Q

identification

A
  • conform because you want to identify with the group
  • publicly change opinion but dont privately agree
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4
Q

internalisation

A
  • genuinely accepts group norms
  • private and public change
  • change persists in absence of group
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5
Q

ISI

A
  • informational social influence
  • conform w majority because we believe it is correct
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6
Q

NSI

A
  • normative social influence
  • conform w majority to gain social approval
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7
Q

research support for nsi

A
  • asch 1951
  • during interview asked ppts why they chose wrong answer, afraid of disapproval
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8
Q

research support for isi

A
  • lucas et al 2006
  • students answered mathematical problems (easy or difficult)
  • more conformity when difficult
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9
Q

isi & nsi work together

A
  • deutsch and gerrard
  • two-process approach (behaviour due to nsi OR isi)
  • in reality they work together
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10
Q

individual differences in nsi

A
  • nAffiliators = people w greater need to be in a relationship w others
  • mcghee & teevan 1967
  • students high in need of affiliation more likely to conform
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11
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conformity

A

change in a persons behaviour or opinions as a result of real or imagined pressure

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12
Q

aschs variations

A
  • group size
  • unanimity
  • task difficulty
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13
Q

asch procedure

A
  • 1951-1955
  • showed participants 2 cards
  • one card had standard line other had 3 comparison lines
  • asked which matched standard
  • 18 trials (confederates gave wrong answer in 12)
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14
Q

asch participants

A
  • 123 american male undergraduates
  • each naive ppt tested in a group of 6-8 confederates
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15
Q

asch findings

A
  • ppts gave wrong answer 36.8%
  • 25% didnt conform at all
  • 75% conformed at least once
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16
Q

asch effect

A

extent to which participants conform even when situation is unambiguous

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17
Q

asch interview

A

most conformed to avoid rejection (NSI)

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18
Q

group size

A
  • with 3 confederates conformity rose to 31.8%
  • addition of more confederates didnt make much difference
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19
Q

unanimity

A
  • introduced a confederate who disagreed with majority (sometimes gave right or wrong answer)
  • the dissenting confederate reduced conformity
  • ppts behaved more independently
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20
Q

task difficulty

A
  • made standard and comparison lines more similar in length
  • conformity increased (suggests isi as situation is more ambiguous)
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21
Q

asch - a child of its time

A
  • perrin & spencer 1980 repeated aschs study with uk engineering students
  • only 1 student conformed in 396 trials
  • 1950s especially conformist time in america made sense to conform to social norms
  • asch effect isnt consistent across situations or times
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22
Q

asch - artificial situation and task

A
  • demand characteristics (ppts knew they were in research)
  • trivial task of identifying length of lines, no reason not to conform
  • cannot generalise findings to everyday situations
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23
Q

asch- ethical issues

A

ppts were deceived as they thought confederates were also genuine participants

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24
Q

asch- findings only apply to certain situations

A
  • participants had to answer out loud infront of a group of strangers
  • wanted to impress so conformed
  • sogon 1984 found conformity was higher in group of friends compared to strangers
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25
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zimbardo spe procedure

A
  • set up mock prison in basement of stanford uni
  • volunteer sampling w adverts
  • selected those deemed emotionally stable after testing
  • randomly assigned to prisoner/guard roles
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26
Q

zimbardo aim

A

do prison guards behave brutally bc they have sadistic personalities or is it the situation that creates that behaviour

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27
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zimbardo prisoners

A
  • arrested in homes by local police and delivered to the prison
  • they were blindfolded, strip searched and issued a uniform and number
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28
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zimbardo guards

A
  • had own uniform, mirror shades, wooden club and complete power over the prisoners
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29
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zimbardo findings

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84
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research support for consistency

A
  • moscovici demonstrated a consistency minority was more effective than inconsistent
  • wood et al 1994 meta analysis on 100 similar studies, minorities being consistent were most influential
85
Q

limitation of minority influence

A
  • artificial tasks (moscovici, identifying colour of slides)
  • lack external validity
  • doesnt represent real life situation
86
Q

snowball effect

A
  • increasing numbers of majority switch to minority, faster conversion
  • minority becomes majority
87
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diachronic consistency

A

been saying the same thing for some time

88
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flexibility

A

adapt pov and accept reasonable counter arguments

89
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commitment

A

engage in extreme activities to show dedication to the cause

90
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synchronic consistency

A

all saying the same thing in the minority

91
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role of deeper processing

A
  • Mackie 1987 disagrees, majority influence causes deeper processing
  • if you have different opinion to majority, ur forced to think about their reasoning
  • doubts validity of moscovicis theory
91
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minority influence

A

minority persuade others to adopt their beliefs

92
Q

Barriers to social change

A
  • bashir et al 2013 why ppl resist social change when they agree
  • dont want to be associated with the stereotypes attached to minorities
93
Q

social change

A

occurs when whole societies adopt new attitudes and beliefs

94
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social influence

A

process by which individuals and groups change each others attitudes and behaviours

95
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gradual commitment

A

when you obey a small instruction it is more difficult to resist a bigger one

96
Q

augmentation principle

A

risking lives for the cause

97
Q

social cryptomnesia

A

memory that change has occurred but cannot recall how it happened

98
Q

social change involves:

A

1 drawing attention
2 consistency
3 deeper processing
4 augmentation principle
5 snowball effect
6 social cryptomnesia

Psychology paper 1 (4 decks)

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