Social Influence

Question 1

Situational Factors Affecting Obedience - Proximity

Answer 1

The teacher and the learner were in the same room. Obedience dropped from 65% to 40%

In a different varaition the researcher gave the teacher instructions via phone, obedience dropped to 20.5%

Question 2

Situational factors affecting obedience - touch proxemity

Answer 2

The teacher had to force the learners hard onto the electroshock plate. Obedience rate dropped to 30%

Question 3

Situational factors affecting obedience- Location

Answer 3

Run down buliding instead of Yale - obedience fell to 47.5%

Question 4

Situational factors affecting obedience - Uniform

Answer 4

Everyday clothes rather than a lab coat - obedience levels fell to 20%

Question 5

Evaluation of Milgram’s Variations - Bickman

Answer 5

Pedestrians in New York were ordered by three men: milkman, civilian or guard

The participants were most likely to obey the guard, at 80%, than the milkman or civilian at only 40%

It was a field experiment

Question 6

Effect of culture on obedience levels

Answer 6

Milgram’s experiment had been replicated in many countries. the obedience rate found in Australia was only 16% compared to 65% in the Usa for the same experiment

Question 7

Effect of culture on obedience levels

Answer 7

Milgram’s experiment had been replicated in many countries. the obedience rate found in Australia was only 16% compared to 65% in the Usa for the same experiment

Question 8

Hoffling - Obedient nurses

Answer 8

22 nurses recieved calls from a confederate pretending to he a doctor

They were instructed to give double the dosage of a made up drug (astrofen) and the doctor said he would sign it off later

21 out of 22 nurses complied

Question 9

Rank and Jacobsen - Not so obedient nurses

Answer 9

Replicated Hoffling’s experiment but were told to administer a known drug, valium, at 3 times the dosage.

They were allowed to consult with other nurses prior and only 2 out of 18 complied.

Question 10

Define Agentic Shift

Answer 10

The state where we give up our free will to focus on the orders of someone or something else

Question 11

What is the autonomous state

Answer 11

Free thinking and able to make our own decisions

Question 12

What is moral strain

Answer 12

The unpleasant feeling that we experience when we are pressurised to obey orders and commit an immoral act

Question 13

What is moral strain

Answer 13

The unpleasant feeling that we experience when we are pressurised to obey orders and commit an immoral act

Question 14

What is an authoritarian personality

Answer 14

When somebody is more likely to obey an authority figure

Caused by harsh/strict parenting

Question 15

Adorno

Answer 15

Aim - find out unconscious views about prejudice through a questionnaire

Findings - People high on the F scale were more likely to categorise people into stereotypical categories

Conclusion - people with an authoritarian personality are more obedient to authority figures

Question 16

Evaluation for authoritarian personality/F scale

Purely a correlation. Why is this an issue?

Answer 16

Lack of cause and effect, there may also be third variables such as lack of education

Question 17

Evaluation for authoritarian personality

Limited explanation - millions of individuals in germany at the time displayed obedient and anti Semitic behaviour. Highly unlikely that they all had an authoritarian personality

What would be a more realistic explanation

Answer 17

Fear or falling for propaganda

Question 18

How can social desirability bias be used to evaluate the F scale?

Answer 18

Lowers internal validity

People may change their answers in order to seem like a better person or out of fear of judgement

Question 19

How can political bias be used to evaluate the F scale

Answer 19

Leans towards an extreme right wing ideology when authoritarian personality can also be seen on the extreme left eg Putin

Question 20

Resistance to social influence - what makes people act independently

Answer 20

Social support

Non conforming role models

Too little or too many participants

Easier task

Giving answers in private

Question 21

Allen and Levine

Answer 21

Conformity decreased even if the non conformer wore thick glasses and said he struggled with his vision

This highlights having any form of social support makes you more confident in your ability

Question 22

Milgram - disobedient role model

Answer 22

The real participant was paired with two disobedient role models, who refused to continue

Obedience decreased from 65 to 10%

Question 23

Locus of control

Answer 23

An individual’s perception about the underlying main causes of events in their life

External - blame others

Internal - blame themself

Question 24

Explanations of conformity - NSI

Answer 24

People are conforming because they want to be liked

Question 25

Explainations of ISI

Answer 25

People conform when they are unsure about what to do/how to behave in a particular situation and they believe that others around them are correct

Question 26

Types of conformity - compliance

Answer 26

Shallowest level of conformity

A person changes their public behaviour but not their private beliefs

Due to NSI

Question 27

Types of conformity - Identification

Answer 27

Middle level of conformity

A person changes their public behaviour and their private beliefs but only while they are in the presence of the group

Due to NSI

Question 28

Types of conformity - Internalisation

Answer 28

Deepest level of conformity

A person changes their public behaviour and private behaviour - permanent/long term change

Due to ISI

Question 29

Augmentation Principle

Answer 29

When the majority pays attention to risky actions by the minority group, more likely to integrate the groups opinion into their own personal viewpoints due to the personal sacrifices at hand

Question 30

The snowball effect

Answer 30

As more people start paying attention to the minority view it gains momentum eventually becoming the majority

Question 31

Social Cryptoamenesia

Answer 31

The majority know a social change has occured but can not recall how it has happened