social influence

Question 1

what is social influence

Answer 1

the way in which social factors alter our behaviour

Question 2

what is conformity

Answer 2

yielding to group pressures

Question 3

what is internalisation

Answer 3

a person changing their public behaviour and therefore their private beliefs

Question 4

what is compliance

Answer 4

a person changing their public beliefs but remaining their private beliefs

Question 5

what is identification

Answer 5

a person changes their public and private beliefs only while in the presence of a group

Question 6

which type of conformity describes how people conform

Answer 6

identification, compliance, internalisation

Question 7

what is normative conformity

Answer 7

when a person conforms to be accepted and to feel they belong to a group. they may go along with the group norm but not believe that internally

Question 8

what is informational conformity

Answer 8

when a person yields to group pressures becasue they are unsure of what the answer is themselves. this becomes internalised

Question 9

what is deindividuation

Answer 9

the loss of self awareness in a group

Question 10

what is collective behaviour

Answer 10

the behaviour of two or more individuals who are acting together or collectively

Question 11

what is crowd behaviour

Answer 11

a group of people who have come together for a specific purpose

Question 12

what is an ingroup and an outgroup

Answer 12

• someone who is part of your group
• someone who is not part of your group

Question 13

give some reasons why people may join in crowd behaviour

Answer 13

• the crowd act under a common social identity
  -de-inviduation as people loose themselves in the crowd and therefore feel anonymous
• assume there will be no punishment for their behaviour

Question 14

how can heavy handed police methods lead to violence

Answer 14

members of the crowd who may have normally protested peacefully feel angry the police are trying to stop them doing something they now see as valid because of conforming to the crowd

Question 15

what is pro - social behaviour

Answer 15

behaviours that benefit society and are seen as positive

Question 16

what is anti - social behaviour

Answer 16

actions that go against society and harms it

Question 17

what is an collectivist culture

Answer 17

a community that prioritises the group instead of an individual

Question 18

what is an individualist culture

Answer 18

a community that prioritises the induvial instead of a group

Question 19

define obedience

Answer 19

following a direct order from an induvial who has a superior authority

Question 20

what is a situational factor

Answer 20

external factors that influence how we behave - obeying or conforming - nurture

Question 21

what is a dispositional factor

Answer 21

how your own personality can affect your behaviour - obeying or conforming - nature

Question 22

what is self esteem and how does it link to conformity

Answer 22

how you perceive yourself - how confident you are in yourself
people with low self esteem are more likely to conform as they don’t believe in themselves

Question 23

what is locus of control and how does it link to conformity

Answer 23

how much control a person feels they have over their own life - in context to internal and external factors

is someone has a high locus of control they are less likely to conform and be influenced by crowd

Question 24

what is meant when someone has an internal locus of control

Answer 24

an individual who believes their own life is determined by their own decisions

Question 25

what is meant when someone has an external locus of control

Answer 25

an individual who believes their life is determined by fate, luck and other external factors

Question 26

what are some criticisms of situational factors

Answer 26

people have free will inviduation does not always lead to violence not everyone conforms in the same way deterministic - assumes that everyone would obey if in correct situation

Question 27

what was the aim of Bickman's study

Answer 27

investigate the degree of social power that uniform has on other people

Question 28

what was the sample of experiment one of Bickmans study

Answer 28

153 people from NYC

Question 29

what was the experimental type, measures and IV and DV of experiment one of Bickman's study

Answer 29

feild experiment independent measures IV - uniform DV - if people obeyed

Question 30

what was the procedure for the first experiment of Bickman's study

Answer 30

three experimenters took turns wearing civilian, milkman and guard uniform. the experimenters then used three scenarios and recorded weather participants obeyed

Question 31

what were the finding of Bickman's first study

Answer 31

- people were more likely to obey orders from guard than civilian

Question 32

what was the experimental type and sample of Bickman's second study

Answer 32

feild experiment 48 pedestrians from NYC

Question 33

what was the procedure for Bickman's second study

Answer 33

there were two independent variables: the level of authority and weather they were under surveillance or not

Question 34

what were the findings of Bickman's second study

Answer 34

surveillance had no effect to weather people obeyed or not people obeyed guard more

Question 35

what was the procedure of experiment three for Bickman

Answer 35

questionnaire for collage students which investigated 29 scenarios to see if people thought they were legitimate

Question 36

what were the findings for Bickman's experiment three

Answer 36

of the three original scenarios, the guard was not thought to be more legitimate - participants didn't think that uniform made requests more legitimate

Question 37

what was the procedure and findings of Bickman's fourth experiment

Answer 37

another questionnaire for 189 collage students who were asked to predict what they would do in one of the scenarios from experiment one - didn't think that the guard would have more obedience

Question 38

what was the overall conclusion for Bickman's study

Answer 38

- uniform doesn't have an effect on obedience, how people think they will behave isn't an accurate representation - support situational factors for obedience as behaviour was effected by people giving orders (external factors)

Question 39

what are the overall criticisms of Bickman's study

Answer 39

lack of control over extraneous variables, individual differences, unethical and lacking population validity, not generalisable