social influence Flashcards
what is social influence
the way in which social factors alter our behaviour
what is conformity
yielding to group pressures
what is internalisation
a person changing their public behaviour and therefore their private beliefs
what is compliance
a person changing their public beliefs but remaining their private beliefs
what is identification
a person changes their public and private beliefs only while in the presence of a group
which type of conformity describes how people conform
identification, compliance, internalisation
what is normative conformity
when a person conforms to be accepted and to feel they belong to a group. they may go along with the group norm but not believe that internally
what is informational conformity
when a person yields to group pressures becasue they are unsure of what the answer is themselves. this becomes internalised
what is deindividuation
the loss of self awareness in a group
what is collective behaviour
the behaviour of two or more individuals who are acting together or collectively
what is crowd behaviour
a group of people who have come together for a specific purpose
what is an ingroup and an outgroup
- someone who is part of your group
- someone who is not part of your group
give some reasons why people may join in crowd behaviour
- the crowd act under a common social identity
-de-inviduation as people loose themselves in the crowd and therefore feel anonymous - assume there will be no punishment for their behaviour
how can heavy handed police methods lead to violence
members of the crowd who may have normally protested peacefully feel angry the police are trying to stop them doing something they now see as valid because of conforming to the crowd
what is pro - social behaviour
behaviours that benefit society and are seen as positive
what is anti - social behaviour
actions that go against society and harms it
what is an collectivist culture
a community that prioritises the group instead of an individual
what is an individualist culture
a community that prioritises the induvial instead of a group
define obedience
following a direct order from an induvial who has a superior authority
what is a situational factor
external factors that influence how we behave - obeying or conforming - nurture
what is a dispositional factor
how your own personality can affect your behaviour - obeying or conforming - nature
what is self esteem and how does it link to conformity
how you perceive yourself - how confident you are in yourself
people with low self esteem are more likely to conform as they don’t believe in themselves
what is locus of control and how does it link to conformity
how much control a person feels they have over their own life - in context to internal and external factors
is someone has a high locus of control they are less likely to conform and be influenced by crowd
what is meant when someone has an internal locus of control
an individual who believes their own life is determined by their own decisions
what is meant when someone has an external locus of control
an individual who believes their life is determined by fate, luck and other external factors
what are some criticisms of situational factors
people have free will
inviduation does not always lead to violence
not everyone conforms in the same way
deterministic - assumes that everyone would obey if in correct situation
what was the aim of Bickman’s study
investigate the degree of social power that uniform has on other people
what was the sample of experiment one of Bickmans study
153 people from NYC
what was the experimental type, measures and IV and DV of experiment one of Bickman’s study
feild experiment
independent measures
IV - uniform
DV - if people obeyed
what was the procedure for the first experiment of Bickman’s study
three experimenters took turns wearing civilian, milkman and guard uniform. the experimenters then used three scenarios and recorded weather participants obeyed
what were the finding of Bickman’s first study
- people were more likely to obey orders from guard than civilian
what was the experimental type and sample of Bickman’s second study
feild experiment
48 pedestrians from NYC
what was the procedure for Bickman’s second study
there were two independent variables:
the level of authority and weather they were under surveillance or not
what were the findings of Bickman’s second study
surveillance had no effect to weather people obeyed or not
people obeyed guard more
what was the procedure of experiment three for Bickman
questionnaire for collage students which investigated 29 scenarios to see if people thought they were legitimate
what were the findings for Bickman’s experiment three
of the three original scenarios, the guard was not thought to be more legitimate
- participants didn’t think that uniform made requests more legitimate
what was the procedure and findings of Bickman’s fourth experiment
another questionnaire for 189 collage students who were asked to predict what they would do in one of the scenarios from experiment one
- didn’t think that the guard would have more obedience
what was the overall conclusion for Bickman’s study
- uniform doesn’t have an effect on obedience, how people think they will behave isn’t an accurate representation
- support situational factors for obedience as behaviour was effected by people giving orders (external factors)
what are the overall criticisms of Bickman’s study
lack of control over extraneous variables, individual differences, unethical and lacking population validity, not generalisable
