Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology A Level > Social Influence > Flashcards

Social Influence Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Who and how many people did Asch test for his experiment?

A

123 American male participants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What where the 3 variables of conformity tested by Asch?

A

Group size, Unanimity, Task difficulty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What where Asch’s baseline findings?

A

Participants conformed 36.8% of the time
25% of participants never confirmed (internal LOC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When did Asch do his experiment?

A

1951

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How did group size have an impact on conformity in Asch’s study?

A

•Group size varied from 2-16

•Relationship between conformity & group size had a curvilinear shape

•At 3 confederates conformity = 31.8%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How did unanimity have an impact on conformity in Asch’s study?

A

Conformity decreased to <1/4 of what it was when majority was unanimous, conformity decreased even when dissented didn’t agree with participant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How to task difficulty have an impact on conformity in Asch’s study?

A

Conformity increased when the situation became more ambiguous, (ISI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are 2 drawbacks of Asch’s study?

A

•Artificial situation & tasks lead to demand characteristics, Asch’s groups did not resemble everyday groups, cannot generalise
•Limited application, Netto (1995)- women more conformist,
Americans, individualist, china collectivist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an advantage to Asch’s study?

A

Research support for task difficulty, by Todd Lucas (2006)
•Todd Lucas disagreed with Asch and said that conformity is more complex
•individual-level factors can influence conformity when interacting with situational variables (task difficulty)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What as the physical arragement ir participants in Asch’s study?

A

Groups where 6-8 and the naïve participant was seated last or next to last

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What was an ethical issue with Asch’s study?

A

The naïve participants where deceived (ethical issues are not relevant to validity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Who suggested the 3 ways people conform and when?

A

Herbert Kelman (1958)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 3 ways people conform?

A

Internalisation
Identification
Compliance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the main reasons why people conform

A

The two process theory suggests 2 reasons
•Information social influence (ISI)
Cognitive process (leads to internalisation)

•Normative social influence (NSI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the research support for NSI?

A

Asch interviewed participants after and they said that they confirmed because they felt self-conscious, when written down conformity decreased to 12.5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the research support for ISI?

A

Todd Lucas (2006) when maths problems where easy, participants ‘knew in their minds’ as maths problems got harder (ambiguous) conformity increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a downside to ISI and NSI?

A

It is often unclear weather ISI or NSI is at work, this is because when a dissenter is introduced both can go down,
•NSI it’s because they provide social support
•ISI it is because they provide an alternative source of social information

18
Q

What is a limitation of NSI?

A

NSI cannot always be predicted because some people have individual difference (nAffliators have a strong need for affiliation)

19
Q

Who and how many participants where in Zimbardos study?

A

21 mentally stable (after psychological evaluation) male volenteers

20
Q

What where the differences between guards and prisoners in Zimbardos study?

A

Roles where assigned randomly
•Guards had uniforms, wooden club, handcuffs and mirror shades
•Prisoners had loose smock with number and a cap
•uniforms created a loss of identity (de-individualisation)

21
Q

What where the findings related to social roles in Zimbardos study?

A

•Within 2 days prisoners rebelled
•Guards constantly harassed prisoners to show they had power over them (frequent headcounts)
•after failed rebellion prisoners became submissive, anxious, depressed
•one prisoner left early due to emotional distress
•another was punished for going on hunger strike (the hole)

22
Q

What where the conclusions of Zimbardos study?

A

Social roles appear to have a strong influence on people’s behaviour (prisoners became submissive and guards became aggressive), roles are taken on easily by all participants

23
Q

What where the controlled variables in Zimbardos study?

A

By selecting mentally stable participants, researchers ruled out individual personality differences as an explanation, in turn creating a higher internal validity

24
Q

When and why did zimbardo do his experiment?

A

Zimbardo created the experiment in the 1970s because of the many prison riots happening in America at the time

25
Q

What is one limitation of the SPE?

A

It has a Lack of realism, the participants may have just been play acting biased on stereotypes (one guard said he biased his character off cool hand Luke)
•however the participants acted as if the prison was real with 90% of prisoners conversations being related to prison life (suggests SPE did replicate conditions)

26
Q

What is a criticism of Zimbardos conclusions related to the study?

A

Zimbardo may have exaggerated the power of social roles, only 1/3 of guards where truly aggressive

27
Q

When and why did Milgram do his study?

A

1963, to assess obedience levels

28
Q

How many participants took part in Milgrams study?

A

40 (20-50 years old) American men at Yale University USA

29
Q

What role was the volunteer assigned in Milgrams study?

A

There was a “random” selection of who will be the Teacher and Learner (both met each other before study one was confederate) the participant was always the Teacher

30
Q

How much was each participant paid in Milgrams study?

A

Each participant was paid $4.50

31
Q

What was Milgrams procedure?

A

•Teacher given a small shock before study
•Learner made to do a memory task
•Volt switches labeld from slight shock to, danger-severe shock at 300V
•learner made no noise after 315V

32
Q

What where the baseline findings of Milgrams study?

A

•All participants continued up to 300V
•12.5% stopped at 300V
•65% continued to highest level of 450V
•qualitative data included, signs of extreme tension, sweat, tremble stutter, biting nails, 3 participants has seizures
•Milgram debriefed participants after, 84% said they where glad to have participated

33
Q

What where the predictions of students before Milgrams study?

A

14 total students, said that only 3% will carry on to 450V

34
Q

What is an advantage to Milgrams study?

A

It was replicated in a franchise documentary and 80% of people continued to 460V

35
Q

How did the experimenter ensure that the participant kept going in Milgrams study?

A

The experimenter used 4 prompts getting more aggressive with each one (from please to you have no other choice)

36
Q

What where the conclusions of Milgrams study?

A

That German people are not much different and will follow instructions even if they harm others

37
Q

What is a disadvantage of Milgrams study?

A

Milgram claimed 75% believed it was real
Gina Perry (2013) stated that only 50% believed that the shocks where real and 1/3 still obeyed (demand characteristics)

38
Q

What is an alternative explication to Milgrams study?

A

Social identity theory may be the explanation because 0% listened and blindly obeyed to the last prompt (you must carry on you have no other choice)

39
Q

What are other study’s relating to Milgrams study?

A

Hoffling (1966) 21/22 nurses when ordered by a doctor administered an overdose of a unfamiliar drug

40
Q

What is a situational variable (Milgram) ?

A

Features in the environment that may influence an individuals behaviour

41
Q

What where the situational variables studied by Milgram?

A

Proximity
Uniform
Location

Psychology A Level (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions