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Psychology > Social Influence > Flashcards

Social Influence Flashcards

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1
Q

DEFINE Social Influence

A

The study of how the presence or absence of people affects behaviour.

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2
Q

DEFINE Obedience

A

A form of social influence where a person responds to a direct order.

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3
Q

What factors influence obedience?

A

Status of location
Personal responsibility
Legitimacy of Authority Figure
Prestige of authority figure
Peer support

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4
Q

Give an example of Identification

A

Pretending you agree. Usually for acceptance.

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5
Q

What factors influence conformity?

A

Size of the group
Lack of Unanimity
Difficulty of task
Answer in private
Anonymity
Status of Majority Group

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6
Q

DEFINE: Normative social influence

A

Conforming to be socially accepted

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7
Q

DEFINE: Informational Social Influence

A

When a person conforms to gain knowledge or because they think that someone else is right.

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8
Q

DEFINE: Attitude

A

Beliefs and behaviors about a topic

Tendency to evaluate things in a certain way.

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9
Q

State the difference between: Internalisation & Identification

A

Internalisation: Accepting someone’s opinions as you own. Adopting their way of thinking.

Identification: Conforming when in the presence of those that share a similar idea. Usually for social acceptance

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10
Q

Explain the ABC Model and give an example.

A

Affective Component: A physical reaction to a stimuli.
Example: I will move away from someone if they are smoking

Behavioural component: The persons feelings towards the stimuli.
Example: I think smoking is disgusting and dumb.

Cognitive component: Beliefs held
Example: Smoking is bad for your health so I don’t like it.

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11
Q

Define the Central Route vs. Peripheral Route

A

Central route: Factual, informative, targeted towards literate people.

Peripheral route: Heavily reliant on appealing to emotions.

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12
Q

What are Dispositional Factors?

A

When conformity is affected by an individuals personality.

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13
Q

What are Situational Factors?

A

When conformity is affected by things in th e environment.

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14
Q

List ways that Bias can be minimised?

A

Exposure: A person is exposed to the thing they are biased towards. (Meeting someone with cancer)

Learning: Reading, observing and being educated. (Learning about another culture)

Modelling: Acting the way someone else acts towards something can counteract bias. (Princess Diana destigmatizing Aids)

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15
Q

Give an example of Internalisation

A

Being persuaded to follow someones follow someone’s opinion because you think they are right.

Example: A child following a celebrity because they think they’re cool.

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16
Q

What was the purpose of ASCHE’S EXPERIMENT?

A

To establish a connection between how group majority affects conforminty.

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17
Q

What FACTORS affect conformity?

A

Size of the group - The number of people in a group
Lack of Unanimity - The collective agreement on an answer
Difficulty of task - The difficulty of task
Answer in private - The presence of other people
Anonymity - Not knowing who answers what
Status of Majority Group - The status of the group

18
Q

DEFINE: Attitudes

A

Beliefs and behaviours on a topic

19
Q

Neutral Opinion vs Ambivalence

A

Neutral Opinion: No opinion

Ambivalence: Good and Bad opinion

20
Q

YALE communication Approach

A

Persuasive techniques, especially in Marketing.

21
Q

Describe Persuasion strategies

A

Norm of reciprocity
Returning the favor (Free-trials or Return guarantees)

Door in the face
Asking for smaller favors until they agree. [Contrast]

Foot in door
Starting with a small request and asking for more

22
Q

DEFINE: Cognitive Dissonance

A

When your actions go against your beliefs

23
Q

Factors that cause: Cognitive Dissonance

A

Situational Pressures: When your environment compromises your beliefs

Self-Monitoring: A persons likelihood to change their behaviour for social acceptance.

Social Desirability Bias: Doing what you think others want to see rather than the truth.

24
Q

Methods of Testing for Social Study

A

Behaviour Counts: Seeing how people react to a topic.

Self Report: Personal reflection (tests)

25
Q

Give an example of “Indirect Experience”

A

Learning through observation

26
Q

Give an example of “Direct Experience”

A

Having the action happen to you

27
Q

DEFINE: Stereotypeing

A

Judgment on a person because of their membership to a group.

28
Q

DEFINE: Prejudice

A

An attitude or opinion of a group or individual

29
Q

DEFINE: Discrimination

A

The prejudical treatment of a person because of the group they belong to.

30
Q

EXPLAIN: Biopsychosocial model (Give an example)

A

Bio: Biological factors that affect behaviour
Eg. Genetics & Health

Psycho: Psychological factors that affect behaviour
Eg. Social skills and coping mechanisms

Social: Social factors that affect behaviour
Eg. School, Family, Friends

31
Q

EXPLAIN the process of Exposure Therapy?

A

When consulting with a licensed psychologist it would be helpful to:

  1. Create a list of various degrees of aversion. (E.g. thinking about it, seeing a picture, touching it)
  2. Gradually work on the method of exposure that elicits the least reaction.
  3. While exposing the patient to the stimuli, practice breathing techniques.
  4. As the patient becomes more comfortable with the form of the stimuli, then gradually expose them to more extreme versions of the stimuli. Repeat the procedure until there is no anxious response to the stimuli.
32
Q

DEFINE: Unintentional Bias
Give an EXAMPLE.

A

Subconciously judging people

Eg. Thinking that all dogs hate cats

33
Q

DEFINE: Confirmation Bias
Give an EXAMPLE.

A

Thinking that something will happen and only noticing when events confirm your belief.

Eg. Every time I look at the clock it’s time for lunch.

34
Q

DEFINE: Attribution Bias
Give an EXAMPLE.

A

Attributing their actions to their character and not the environment (or other factors).

Eg. Attribute a person’s success because of their character.

35
Q

DEFINE: Conformity Bias.

A

Changing your beliefs in order to fit in.

36
Q

DEFINE: Affinity Bias.
Give an EXAMPLE.

A

Unconscious gravitation of those that are similar to you.

Eg. People from the same country.

37
Q

DEFINE: Rater Bias

A

Allowing preconceived judgment to affect new judgement.

38
Q

DEFINE: Affect Heuristic
Give and EXAMPLE.

A

When a person allows their mood to affect their judgment.

Eg. A Anti-Marijuana campaign that presents the worst-case scenario in order to make people afraid and have a bias against marijuana.

39
Q

DEFINE: Anchor Bias

A

Relying too heavily on the information presented first.

Eg. Was $100, Now $50 vs. $100

40
Q
A

Psychology (3 decks)

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