Social Inequality stats Flashcards
evidence of ethnic inequality in education
53.1% of Black students achieved 5 A*-C at GCSE which is below the national average and also below White children.
DFE 2012/13
African- Caribbean boys are 4-6 times more likely to be excluded from school compared to White boys.
DFE 2013/14
Evidence of ethnic inequality in the criminal justice system
prison data from the Ministry of Justice (2016) shows how non-white groups are overrepresented in, accounting for 12% of the total population and 25% of the prison population.
Ministry of Justice (2012) data also demonstrates that Black males are between 6-17 times more likely to be stop and searched than white groups depending on their area.
operationalise the term “ethnicity”
“ethnicity” not to be confused with the term “race” is the origins, culture, history and language (brown and Langer 2010) someone identifies with for example Afro-Caribbean is a type of ethnicity but it is not determined by the race of an individual.
evidence of gender inequality in education
Women are now 33% more likely to go to university than men -UCAS (2017)
Their is a 9.5% gender gap in GCSE results between boys and girls. 75% of females achieve C or above in 5 GCSE’s compared to just 61.5% of males -Joint council for Qualification (2017)
evidence of gender inequality in the workplace
women in full time work earned 8.9% less than men on average. this rises to 17% when we take into account part-time work -ONS (2019)
There are only 6 female CEO’s among the top 100 (FTSE100) but they only take home 4.2% of the total pay awarded to FTSE100 CEO’s. -Charted Institute of personnel development (2019)
Operationalisation of the term “gender”
Gender refers to the socially constructed characteristics of women and men – such as norms, roles and relationships.
Evidence of age inequality in the criminal Justice system
Data from Youth Justice (2017) reveals that young people are significantly more likely to reoffend than other age groups – with reoffending rates as high as 73%
The Ministry for Justice reveals that young people are more likely to be a victim of violent crime. With 8.4% of 16-24 yr olds being a victim compared to 0.2% of over 75’s (2016)
Evidence of age inequality in the workplace
The average salary will begin to fall for men when they reach 59 (£650-£541 per week) and for women at 39
-ONS (2016)
38% of zero hours contracts are taken by 16-24 yr olds
-ONS (2016)
Operationalisation of “Age”
The demographic of someone based on how old they are which determines norms, values and interactions for instance youth, middle-aged, elderly.
Evidence of class inequality in education
FSM students are 27% less likely to achieve 5 GCSE’s graded A*-C -Diane Reay (2017)
Only 7% of students attend private schools but yet 2/5th of the political elite attended private school -Sutton Trust (2019)
Evidence of Class inequality in the criminal justice system
Almost 2/3 of prisoners were in receipt of benefits a year before being sentenced -Ministry of Justice Prison population (2013)
Members of the million poorest households are 12x more likely to be a victim of violent crime than the top million richest households -Centre for social Justice (2014)
Operationalisation of the term “class”
The ONS uses occupation to measure social class from between ranked 1-8 with 8 being “never worked and long-term unemployed” and 1 being “Higher managerial and professional occupations”
