Social Inequality stats Flashcards

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1
Q

evidence of ethnic inequality in education

A

53.1% of Black students achieved 5 A*-C at GCSE which is below the national average and also below White children.
DFE 2012/13

African- Caribbean boys are 4-6 times more likely to be excluded from school compared to White boys.
DFE 2013/14

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2
Q

Evidence of ethnic inequality in the criminal justice system

A

prison data from the Ministry of Justice (2016) shows how non-white groups are overrepresented in, accounting for 12% of the total population and 25% of the prison population.

Ministry of Justice (2012) data also demonstrates that Black males are between 6-17 times more likely to be stop and searched than white groups depending on their area.

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3
Q

operationalise the term “ethnicity”

A

“ethnicity” not to be confused with the term “race” is the origins, culture, history and language (brown and Langer 2010) someone identifies with for example Afro-Caribbean is a type of ethnicity but it is not determined by the race of an individual.

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4
Q

evidence of gender inequality in education

A

Women are now 33% more likely to go to university than men -UCAS (2017)

Their is a 9.5% gender gap in GCSE results between boys and girls. 75% of females achieve C or above in 5 GCSE’s compared to just 61.5% of males -Joint council for Qualification (2017)

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5
Q

evidence of gender inequality in the workplace

A

women in full time work earned 8.9% less than men on average. this rises to 17% when we take into account part-time work -ONS (2019)

There are only 6 female CEO’s among the top 100 (FTSE100) but they only take home 4.2% of the total pay awarded to FTSE100 CEO’s. -Charted Institute of personnel development (2019)

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6
Q

Operationalisation of the term “gender”

A

Gender refers to the socially constructed characteristics of women and men – such as norms, roles and relationships.

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7
Q

Evidence of age inequality in the criminal Justice system

A

Data from Youth Justice (2017) reveals that young people are significantly more likely to reoffend than other age groups – with reoffending rates as high as 73%

The Ministry for Justice reveals that young people are more likely to be a victim of violent crime. With 8.4% of 16-24 yr olds being a victim compared to 0.2% of over 75’s (2016)

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8
Q

Evidence of age inequality in the workplace

A

The average salary will begin to fall for men when they reach 59 (£650-£541 per week) and for women at 39
-ONS (2016)

38% of zero hours contracts are taken by 16-24 yr olds
-ONS (2016)

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9
Q

Operationalisation of “Age”

A

The demographic of someone based on how old they are which determines norms, values and interactions for instance youth, middle-aged, elderly.

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10
Q

Evidence of class inequality in education

A

FSM students are 27% less likely to achieve 5 GCSE’s graded A*-C -Diane Reay (2017)

Only 7% of students attend private schools but yet 2/5th of the political elite attended private school -Sutton Trust (2019)

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11
Q

Evidence of Class inequality in the criminal justice system

A

Almost 2/3 of prisoners were in receipt of benefits a year before being sentenced -Ministry of Justice Prison population (2013)

Members of the million poorest households are 12x more likely to be a victim of violent crime than the top million richest households -Centre for social Justice (2014)

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12
Q

Operationalisation of the term “class”

A

The ONS uses occupation to measure social class from between ranked 1-8 with 8 being “never worked and long-term unemployed” and 1 being “Higher managerial and professional occupations”

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