Social Inclusion and Exclusion community initiatives Flashcards
What is Batman’s treaty? Why is it significant in promoting social inclusion/exclusion?
Batman’s treaty was an agreement between John Batman and a group of Aboriginal elders for the purchase of land around Port Phillip. It is important as it was the first time that Europeans actually negotiated their occupation with Aboriginals This is significant in promoting social inclusion as it includes the Aboriginal people in economic matters which relate to them. This agreement also shows that there is a sense of a positive perception towards Indigenous Australians by Batman, which leads to socially including them.
What is the rejection of Batman’s treaty by Governor Bourke? Why is it significant in promoting social inclusion/exclusion?
The rejection of Batman’s treaty of Governor Bourke was a controversial decision, which meant that the agreement was annulled under the idea that the Crown owwned all the land, and that Batman had to bargain with the Crown as opposed to the Aboriginals. Essentially claiming the land as the Crown’s property. This led to social exclusion as Indigenous Australians were denied their traditional access to land. This limited their access to housing which thus led to …. It also overall created a negative perception of Aboriginal people as they are perceived as outsiders who don’t have any rights. It also created the social perception that they are aliens who don’t belong. These negative preconceptions lead to the social exclusion of ATSI people on various levels of society
What are the protectionism laws? Why is it significant in promoting social inclusion/exclusion?
The protectionism laws typically refers to the 1909 Aborigines Protection Act, as well as the 1915 amendment to the act. The 1915 amendment gave the Aborigines Protection Board the power to remove any Aboriginal child from their family at any time and any reason, under the guise of looking after the ‘moral and physical welfare’ of an Indigenous child. This is what ultimately led to the Stolen Generation. Leading to the process of assimilation. This ultimately promoted social exclusion. As social inclusion is determined by having the choice to participate in parts of society, these policies have led to many ATSI people not being able to participate in society. For example, the Western families who adopted the Aboriginals treated them as slaves, and thus limited their access to education. Because they are under the ‘protection’ of these White families, they don’t have any choice with what they want to do, thus leading to social exclusion.
What is the White Australia Policy? Why is it significant in promoting social inclusion/exclusion?
This is a term referring to a set of historical policies that aimed to forbid people of non-European ethnic origin from immigrating to Australia (especially Asians and Pacific Islanders). This essentially gave British migrants preference over others. It gave immigration officers the power to make any non-European migrant sit a 50 word dictation test which was given in European language. This was essentially impossible as many migrants don’t know the European language. This led to many being rejected from coming into Australia. This is social exclusion as it leads to the denial of choice in participating in Australian society. They are not given any opportunity to join society. Furthermore, they are denied all SVRs available in Australia.
What is the Assimilation policy in 1937? Why is it significant in promoting social inclusion/exclusion?
This policy basically outlined the expectation that all Aborigines and part-Aborigines are expected to eventually be assimilated into Australian culture, and are forced to accept the same customs and beliefs as the European settlers. This led to the massive loss of culture for many Aborigines. In some ways, this was an attempt at socially including Aboriginals into Australian society. This is achieved through encouraging ‘nomadic’ Aboriginals to settle down and made health services, schooling, housing, and vocational training available to many Aboriginals. However, the methods of trying to achieve this ultimately led to social exclusion as Aboriginals weren’t given the choice whether or not they wanted to participate in society, and there was a negative perception of them and also, they were more likely to commit crimes, and consumer illicit substances which further led to a negative perception and the exclusion of them from society
What is the Bringing Them Home Report? Why is it significant in promoting social inclusion/exclusion?
This as the final report of the National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children from Their Families.
This was a landmark report as it raised awareness of the Australian public of the historical policies of forced removal during the Stolen Generation. The reaction was one of shock and horror. This had a massive impact as it allowed for the stories of ATSI people to be told and have their pain publicly acknowledged and heard. This led to a step in healing the negative perceptions of ATSI people. This had a significant impact on tthe inclusion of ATSI pople as it meant that people’s negative perceptions were challengd, prhaps leading to more positive or at least neutral preconceptions about ATSI people, as compared to previous negative preconceptions. This also led to the widespread acceptance of Aboriginals into Australian society. This is because after understanding what they have been through, Australians will accept them more.
What is the Closing The Gap campaign? Why is it significant in promoting social inclusion/exclusion?
The Closing the Gap campaign was an Indigenous Health Campaign. It aimed to close the health and life expectancy gap between ATSI peoples and non-Indigenous Australians by 2030. It was however, discovered to be relatively unsuccessful as the government wasn’t able to meet the majority of targets set. However, it also aims to improve other SVRs such as housing, access to justice system, and digital inclusion.
This aims to promote social inclusion through providing Aboriginals access to the SVR of healthcare. This is likely to improve their health outcomes, and thus allow for them to participate in society. All of these aims to improve these various SVRs have multiple beneficial effects on the social inclusion of Aboriginals as it shows an attempt at improving ATSI people’s access to SVRs
What is the Clean Slate Without Prejudice program? Why is it significant in promoting social inclusion/exclusion?
This is a program (CSWP) which supports Indigenous youth between the ages of 12 to 25. It’s aim is to support youth in the community through allowing for them to learn and practice culture, discipline and respect. It’s aim is change the negative habits amongst ATSI community and create positive habits and routine . It also allows for a platform where youth can use up their energy, which can perhaps lead to less crime and incarceration rates through the development of discipline and routine as well.
The program aims at making a positive relationship between local Aboriginal community and their local police. Overall, this has led to a drop in Aboriginal youth being arrested, and there has also been an increase in school attendance levels. Having regular interactions also allow for more opportunities for young people to talk about various issues such as drug addiction and other challenges to elders/mentors which will instil a positive personality in them
Overall, this has created social inclusion through improving the interactions of ATSI youth with the justice system and education, thus allowing for their participation in society and overall social inclusion.
What is the Ampere Mwerre Visitor park? Why is it significant in promoting social inclusion/exclusion?
The Ampere Mwerre Visitor park was supplied by the Commonwealth Government in 2011 (government means of increasing social inclusion). This is a form of housing promoted by both the government and the community which promotes either really cheap or free housing and food, depending on income. In Alice Springs.
This has reduced the impact of short-term homelessness for Aboriginals visitors and overcrowding in town camps and social housing. This promotes social inclusion as it means that Aboriginals have access to the SVR of housing, which allows many to worry about getting a job, etc., rather than having to find a roof above their heads. It also improves their health, thus showing that the housing improves various SVRs which ultimately lead to the inclusion of Aboriginal peoples
What is the Tangentyere Council Night Patrol? Why is it significant in promoting social inclusion/exclusion?
This night patrol improves the safety of the Tangentyere community in Alice Springs. It assists people at risk including intoxicated people, victims of violence and homeless people. This is done through patrolling the streets and local community areas, where they may be lots of issues with the justice system. They focus on early intervention and crime prevention and diversion.
This is a good community initiative which promotes social inclusion. This is because it improves Aboriginal access to SVRs of healthcare and justice systems. With reference to justice systems, there is a chance of lower negative interactions with the justice system. It also makes sure that many who are undertaking violent or dangerous behaviours get home safely, thus improving the healthcare of many, and thus the improvement of the SVR of healthcaare.
What is the Tribal Warrior Association? Why is it significant in promoting social inclusion/exclusion?
The Tribal Warrior Association was founded in 1998 by a group of Redfern residents who wanted to revitalise Aboriginal culture through economic and social stability. The core of the work revolves around mentoring younger members of the community, sharing and practicing culture, providing employment pathway opportunities, facilitating economic participation, reducing Indigenous youth’s trouble with the law. This organisation runs the Clean Slate Without Prejudice program.
This leads to social inclusion as it allows ATSI people to access the SVR of employment. This will have a domino effect on the other, various SVRs, which will further the idea of this community initiative promoting social inclusion
What are the different perceptions that Australians have towards Aboriginals?
Mostly there are negative perceptions, as shown in the TV show called ‘First Contact’. Many participants viewed ATSI peoples as useless members of society who were just living off government payments without doing anything and that they often spent that money on drugs, alcohol etc.
Why might Australians have certain preconceived ideas towards Aboriginals?
Personal Experience
Villainization by the media
Not enough contact with Aboriginals
How do preconceived ideas affect how Indigenous people are treated?
The negative stereotypes associated with Indigenous Australians mean that people are more likely to discriminate against them. This is because they do not have a proper understanding of Aboriginal culture to be able to make appropriate judgements on the culture. This will most likely make us associate Aboriginals with a negative stereotype, and thus lead to excluding them because of ideas that they are violent, etc.
What is the chance that members of the stolen generation will be charged by police?
50%
