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Social GLA Review Flash Cards > Social GLA Review Definitions > Flashcards

Social GLA Review Definitions Flashcards

GLA Review

1
Q

Adaptation

A

the process of adjusting to new conditions or environments

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2
Q

allegiance

A

loyalty or commitment of a person

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3
Q

altepetl

A

in ancient mesoamerican societies, a city-state or political

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4
Q

anatomy

A

the study of the structure and organization of living organisms

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5
Q

aqueducts

A

structures used to transport water overlong distance, typically elevated and supported by arches

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6
Q

assimilate

A

to absorb and integrate into a culture or society

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7
Q

aristocracy

A

the highest class in certain societies

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8
Q

astrolabe

A

a historical astronomical instrument used to measure the altitude of the celestial bodies

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9
Q

astronomy

A

The scientific study of celestial objects and phenomena

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10
Q

aztlan

A

the ancestral home of the Aztec people

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11
Q

bakufu

A

a feudal military government system in Japan

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12
Q

black death

A

A devastating pandemic of bubonic plague that struck Europe and Asia in the 14th century.

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13
Q

bloodletting

A

A medical practice of withdrawing blood from a patient, once relieved to balance bodily humors.

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14
Q

Bushido

A

The code of honor and morals developed by the Japanese samurai (The 8 Virtues)

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15
Q

byzantine empire

A

the eastern half of the Roman empire centered around constantinople

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16
Q

cacao

A

the bean-like seeds from which chocolate is made from, native to Central and South America/Also the currency for the Aztec to trade or buy stuff.

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17
Q

calmecac

A

an elite educational insinuation for noble children

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18
Q

calpolli/calpulli

A

a kinship-based community or neighborhood

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19
Q

cartography

A

the practice of creating maps or charts

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20
Q

causeways

A

Raised roads or pathwys built across bodies of water or marshy land

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21
Q

chief of internal affairs

A

a positions responsible for overseeing internal matters within an organization

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22
Q

chinampas

A

floating fields used for agriculture

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23
Q

christianity

A

an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.

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24
Q

circumnavigate

A

To travel completely around something, especially the Earth.

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25
Q

city states

A

Independent sorvereign states consiting of city and its surrounding territory.

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26
Q

civic humanism

A

a form of republicanism developed in the Renaissance inspired by the governmental forms and writings of classical antiquity,

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27
Q

codex/codices

A

Manuscript books, especially those written by hand before the invention of the printing press.

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27
Q

commodore

A

a naval officer of high rank

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28
Q

conquistador

A

spanish explorer and conquerors of the Americas in the 16th century

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29
Q

conscripition

A

compulsory enrolloment of individuals onto military service.

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30
Q

court

A

the formal assembly of monarchs nobles and advisors

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31
Q

crusades

A

series of religion wars sanctions by the latin chruch in the medieval period primarily aimed at reclaiming the holy land from Muslim control

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32
Q

cultural contact

A

interaction between different cultures.

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33
Q

daimyo

A

Japanese feudal lords who ruled over territories called “han”

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34
Q

dam/dykes

A

structures built to control or redirect the flow of water, often for irrigation or flood prevention

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35
Q

democracy

A

a system of government that controls and is elected with votings

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36
Q

diversity

A

the presence of a variety of different elements within a group or entity

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37
Q

edict

A

an official order or proclaim of laws issued by a person in authority

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38
Q

edo

A

the fromer name of tokyo, Japan, especail

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39
Q

emperor

A

A sovereign ruler of an empire.

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40
Q

ethnocentrism

A

the belief In the superity of ones own ethics.

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41
Q

excommunication

A

the policy of territorial or economic expansion.

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42
Q

expansionism

A

the policy of territorial or economic expansion.

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43
Q

exploration

A

the action of traveling in or through an unfamiliar area in order to learn about it

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44
Q

feudal system

A

a type of social and political system in which landholders provide land to tenants in exchange for their loyalty and service.

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45
Q

feudalism

A

a feudal estate or territory

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46
Q

fiefdom

A

A feudal estate or territory held by a vassal in return for one’s parents and ancestors.

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47
Q

fith era

A

the virtue of exhibiting love and respect for one’s parents, elders, and ancestors

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48
Q

filial piety

A

the virtue of exhibiting love and respect for one’s parents, elders, and ancestors

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49
Q

glyphs

A

any kind of purposeful mark

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49
Q

guilds

A

an association of craftsmen or merchants formed for mutual aid and protection and for the furtherance of their professional interests.

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50
Q

han

A

land that is given to the diamyo by the shogun for Their loyalty

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51
Q

head of states

A

the chief public representative of a country, such as a president or monarch, who may also be the head of government

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52
Q

hereditary

A

(of a title, office, or right) conferred by or based on inheritance.

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52
Q

heresy

A

belief or opinion contrary to orthodox religious (especially Christian) doctrine.

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53
Q

hierarchy

A

a hire position then the last

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54
Q

hinterland

A

the remote or less developed areas surrounding a city

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54
Q

holy land

A

a land in the middle east that holds significance in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, including areas such as Jerusalem.

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54
Q

humanism

A

an approach to life based on reason and our common humanity, recognizing that moral values are properly founded on human nature and experience alone.

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55
Q

heresy

A

belief or opinion contrary to orthodox religious

56
Q

huitzilopchtil

A

Aztec sun and god,

57
Q

huey Tlatoani

A

The highest-ranking ruler of the Aztec Empire

57
Q

Human sacrifices

A

Ritual killings of humans often as offering to gods or spirits

57
Q

Imperialism

A

The policy of exerting a country’s power and influence through colonization, military force, or economic control.

58
Q

indulgence

A

the action or fact of indulging.

59
Q

islam

A

a strictly monotheistic religion, and its adherents, called Muslims, regard the Prophet Muhammad as the last and most perfect of God’s messengers, who include Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and others. The sacred scripture of Islam is the Qurʾān, which contains God’s revelations to Muhammad.

60
Q

isolation

A

the state of being separated

61
Q

Judaism

A

a monotheistic religion, believing in one god.

62
Q

koku

A

a monotheistic religion, believing in one god.

62
Q

machusalin

A

comerners or peasents in aztecs

62
Q

manor/fiefdom

A

a lords land

63
Q

mayeques

A

attached to private or state-owned rural estates

64
Q

mestizo

A

a person mixed with europeans

64
Q

mesoamerica

A

south of Mexico central America

65
Q

metropolis

A

a very large city, often the most important city in a large area or country

65
Q

Mexica

A

The indigenous people who founded the Aztec Empire

65
Q

Middle ages

A

The period in European History between the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the Renaissance, spamming

65
Q

Militarism

A

The belief of desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interest

66
Q

Modernization

A

The process of adapting to modern way of life, technology, or social and economic systems.

66
Q

Monarchies

A

System of government in which a single ruler, such as a king or queen, exercises supreme authority

66
Q

Moors

A

Muslim inhabitants of the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages.

67
Q

Multicultural

A

Involving or representing several different cultures or different cultural elements.

68
Q

Nahua

A

Indeginous people of Mexico, including the Aztec

68
Q

Nationalistic

A

Characterized by strong patriotism or loyalty to one’s nation.

69
Q

Nobles

A

Members of the noble class, holding hereditary titles and privileges.

69
Q

Oilgarchy

A

A form of government in which power of vested in a few
individuals or dominant classes

70
Q

Omen

A

A sign or event believed to foretell future events, often of good or bad fortune.

71
Q

Oral Tradition

A

the transmission of cultural knowledge, beliefs, and stories through spoken word and storytelling.

72
Q

Papacy

A

The office or authority of the pope , the bishop of Rome and the leader of the Roman Catholic Church.

73
Q

Parish

A

A local administrative division within some christian denominations.

74
Q

Patron of the arts

A

A person who supplies artists, musicians, or writers.

75
Q

Peasants/Serfs

A

Agricultural laboratories who were tied to the land and often subject to the authority of land owners in feudal societies.

76
Q

Perspective

A

(Personal): One’s individual point of view or way of seeing three-dimensionality in two-dimensional artwork.

76
Q

Pestilence

A

A fatal epidemic disease, especially bubonic plague.

77
Q

Philosophers

A

Thinkers who contemplate questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.

77
Q

Pilgrimage

A

A journey to a sacred place or shrine for religious or spiritual reasons

78
Q

Pipiltin

A

Nobles or aristocrats in Aztec society

79
Q

Plateau

A

A large flat area of land elevated above the surrounding terrain

80
Q

Pochteca

A

Specialized Aztec merchants involved in long-distance trade

81
Q

Popular culture

A

Cultural products and practices that are widespread and enjoyed by the general public.

82
Q

Priests

A

Religious leaders responsible for performing sacred rituals and ceremonies

83
Q

Protestant

A

A member or follower of any of the western Christian churches that are separate from the Roman Catholic Church and follow the principles of the Reformation, including Lutheran, Calvinist, and Anglican churches.

84
Q

Quetzalcoatl

A

A major deity in Aztec religion, associated with the wind an the morning star

84
Q

Republic

A

A form of government in which power is held by the people and their elected representatives.

85
Q

Renaissance

A

A period of cultural, artistic, and intellectual revival in Europe, marking the transition from the middle ages to modernity.

86
Q

Resources

A

Materials or assets that can be used to produce goods or provide services.

87
Q

Ritual

A

A formal ceremony or prescribed produced, often religious or ceremonial in nature.

87
Q

Rural

A

Relating to the countryside or agricultural areas.

87
Q

Sacrifice

A

The act of giving up something valuable

87
Q

Scientific Method

A

A system approach to inquiry
based on observation experimentation, and reasoning, used to acquire knowledge and under standing of the natural word.

87
Q

Semi-nomadic

A

Having a lifestyle that combines elements of both settled and nomadic living.

88
Q

Seppuku

A

A form of rituals suicide by disembowelment practice by samurai in feudal Japan

88
Q

Shogun

A

The supreme military commander of Japan during the feudal period, effectively the ruler of he country.

88
Q

Silk road

A

An ancient network or trade route connecting to the East and West, named for the lucrative trade in silk that took place along it.

88
Q

Society

A

A community of people living together in a more or less ordered community.

89
Q

Sovereignty

A

Supreme authority or power to govern oneself.

89
Q

Stoic

A

A person who can endure pain or hardship without showing their feelings or complaining.

89
Q

Tecutin

A

A person who ruled smaller area than the tlatoque.

89
Q

Telpochcalli

A

In Aztec society, a school for commoners boys focusing on military training and skills.

90
Q

Templo Mayor

A

The main temple of the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan, dedicated to the gods Huitzilopochtli and Tlaloc

91
Q

Tenochtitlan

A

The capital city of the Aztec Empire, located on an Island in Lake Texcoco in present-day Mexico City.

91
Q

Tezcatlipoca

A

A major deity in Aztec religion, associated with fate, war, and sorcery

92
Q

The Eagle Knights and the Jaguar Knights

A

Elite warrior societies in the Aztec military

92
Q

The Sun Stone

A

A large stone sculpture discovered in the ruins of Tenochitlan, beloved to be a calendar or ceremonial altar and tells a story of how the 4 sun died

93
Q

Tithe

A

A tenth part of something, especially agricultural produce or income, paid as a tax or contribution to support a church or clergy

94
Q

Tlacotin

A

slaves or captives in Aztec society, often used for labour o

94
Q

Tlaloc

A

The Aztec god of rain, fertility, and water.

94
Q

Tlatelolco

A

A district if the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan, known for its market and as the site of a massacre of indigenous people by Spanish forces in 1968

94
Q

Tlatoque

A

A person who ruled the major towns and cities within the empire

95
Q

Tolteca

A

was a pre-Columbian Mesoamerican culture.

95
Q

Tonalpohualli

A

The sacred Aztec calendar, consisting of 260 days and use for religious purposes

96
Q

Trade

A

The buying and selling of goods and services, typically between different religions or countries

96
Q

Trecena

A

A period of 13 days in the Aztec calendar

96
Q

Tribute

A

Payment made periodically by one state or ruler t another, often as a sign of submission or allegiance.

96
Q

Triple Alliance

A

A military and political alliance formed by the Aztec city-states of Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan in the 15th century,

97
Q

Urbanization

A

The process of population concentration in urban areas, often accompanied by the growth and expansion of cities

97
Q

Usury

A

The practice of changing excessive interest of loans.

97
Q

Values

A

Principles or standards of behavior that are considered important or desirable by a society or individual

98
Q

Vernacular

A

The language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region, as opposed to the literary or formal language.

99
Q

Western world

A

The regions of the world that are historically and culturally influenced by Western civilization, including Europe and the Americans

99
Q

Worldview

A

A comprehensive perspective through which one interprets and understands the world and one’s place in it.

100
Q

Xiuhmolpilli

A

A 52 year period the Aztec calendar, marking the completion of a full calendar cycle where the Xiuhtlapohualli and he Tonalpohualli match up.

100
Q

Xiuhtapohualli

A

a 365-day ritual calendar used by the Aztec’s for agriculture (farming).

100
Q

Identity

A

The characteristics, beliefs, and values that distinguish one individual or group from others.

101
Q

Time

A

Time is a continuous progression of events that influence the development of societies and the course of history. (Clocks, life & after life, seasons)

102
Q

Knowledge

A

Knowledge refers to information, facts, and understanding acquired through study, experience, or learning. (School, Who teaches education, & where you learn)

103
Q

Urban

A

Urban refers to areas or places in cities and towns, characterized by higher population density, more buildings, and greater commercial and social activity.

104
Q

Serf

A

A serf was a person in medieval Europe who was bound to work the land of a lord and was not free to leave the estate. Serfs were not slaves, but they had limited personal freedom and were part of the feudal hierarchy.

Social GLA Review Flash Cards (3 decks)

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