Social, Ethical, Legal and Economical Issues Flashcards
why is it difficult to decide right and wrong with computers?
Logical malleability. Computers are logically malleable as they can be shaped and molded to do any activity that have inputs, outputs and connecting logical operations. When computers have new capabilities then we have new choices for action then become abit funky.
what are the Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Practice? ew
- public - act consistently with public interest
- client and employer - best interest of their client and employer consistent with public interest
- product - enusre products meet highest professional standards possible
- judgement - maintain integrity and independence in professional judgement
- management - subscribe and promote ethical approach to management of software development and maintainence.
- profession - advance integrity and reputation of the profession
- colleagues - fair and supportive of their colleagues #supportivecoworkers
- self - practice lifelong learning and promote ethical approach to practice of their profession
what is the IEEE Code of Ethics? ew ew
- uphold highest standards of integrity, responsible behavious and ethical conduct in professional activities (e.g disclose factors that might endanger public or environment, improve technical competence, accept honest criticism)
- treat all persons fairly and with respect, not engage in harrassment or discrimination and avoid injuring others (e.g. dont care about race religion, dont sexual harrass and dont damage other ppl reputation_
- strive to ensure this code is upheld by colleagues and co-workers (e.g not retaliate against individuals reporting a violation #snitch)
what is the SCS Code of Conducts?
- act at all times with integrity (dont claim a level of competemnce you dont have, aka dont be nicholas)
- accept full responsibility for their work (carry out assignments in professional manner)
- always aim to increase competence (always upgrade their knowledge and skills, give opportunities to others to upgrade, increase public awareness)
- act with professionalism to enhance prestige of profession and Society (uphold professional standards of society, dont speak on behalf of the society without proper authority)
what are some IPs that exist?
- Ownership and Copyright (formal recognition of ownership of a created and published work just like econs)
- Patent (right granted to owner of an invention that prevents others from making, using, importing or selling the invention without their permission + the invention has to be NEW, INVENTIVE STEP and INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION)
what are alternative copyright licensing mechanisms?
- Copyleft (anyones who redistributes the software with or without changes must pawss along the freedom to further copy and change it. it gurantees that every user has freedom)
- Creative Commons (CC)
they have different licenses like:
attribution BY (must give credit)
share-alike SA (like copyleft)
non-commercial NC (non-commercial purposes_
no derivative works ND (can only use og version, no remix)
what are the common violations of IP?
- Plagiarism: using or closely imitating languange and thoughts of another author or representing their work as ones own by not crediting og author
- Piracy: the unauthorised use or reproduction of another’s work
- Cyber-squatting: registering popular brand or company names as internet domains, hoping to sell them at a profit
how do we respond to the violations of IPs?
- technical
- enforcement
- educating
- marketing, new business model, contracts
what are the 3 considerations guiding policies regarding information security? (CIA triad)
- confidentiality - prevent sensitive information from reaching the wrong people while ensuring the right people can get it. training about security risks that can threaten information and familiarise authorised people with risk factor and how to guard against them.
!! data encryption is a common method of ensuring confidentiality !!
other examples include user id + password, 2FA, biometric verification , security tokens. extreme cases: storing in air gappend computers, disconnecting storage devices or using hardcopy only - Integrity - maintaining consistency, accuracy and trustwirthiness of data over its life cycle. data must not be changed in transit and cannot be altered by unauthorised people.
!! e.g. file permissions and user access controls !!
other examples: checksums and need backups or redundancies to restore affected data - Availability - maintain all hardware, perform hardware repairs immediately when needed and maintain a correctly functioning operating system free of software conflict.
!! have backup copy incase of natural disasters !!
other examples: firewalls, proxy servers to guard against downtimes (bottlenecks) and DoS attacks and network intrusion
what are the challenges of the CIA triad?
- big data is a huge problem because of the sheer volume of data that needs to be safe guarded. the muplicity of cources and different formats which it exists.
- expensive
- IoT security is problem because alot of internet connected devices and often go unpatched and configured with default or weak passwords.
what is difference between ethical and social issues?
ethical: right and wrong of a particular issue e.g. is it ethical to download publicly posted information on facebook?
social: how advancement of tech affects society e.g. filter bubbles (censorship of information) -> confine people to their bubble of information and polarising our opinions
What are the ethical and social issues related to mobile technology?
social issues:
1. privacy issues -> location tagged photos, app permissions collecting sensitive info like audio
2. change social habits -> reducing face to face time, addicitions
ethical issues:
1. ignorance of personal accountability -> use of mobile phone while driving
2, promotion of hacking
What are the ethical and social issues related to automation (AI)?
social issue:
1. redistribution of employtees whose jobs are automated
ethical issue:
same as AI (robot rights, how to treat robots)
What are the ethical and social issues related to Internet of Things (IoT)?
social issies:
1. inviting cloud attacks on cloud provider
2. creation of malware completely by machines based on automated vulnerability detection
What are the ethical and social issues related to Cloud Technology?
social issues:
1. diminishing privacy of users (data collected are under control of service provider)
2. misuse of user data
3. easy distribution of other peoples IP
