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Intro to Epidemiology > Social Epidemiology > Flashcards

Social Epidemiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the focus of social epi?

A

How social conditions affect various health outcomes

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2
Q

What is social epi’s focus within analytic epi?

A

What social Xs (exposures) impact health

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3
Q

Endorphins are released to encourage us to do what?

A

More things that promote our survival

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4
Q

How do drugs/alcohol create addiction?

A

By forcing the brain to release endorphins (unnaturually)

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5
Q

When the brain becomes so dependent on drugs/alcohol to release endorphins that it can no longer release them naturally this is called?

A

Addiction-it is a brain disorder

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6
Q

Addiction is latin for what?

A

To enslave

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7
Q

How has western culture promoted addiction?

A

It has stopped people from seeking a society that is naturally rewarding, convincing the public that they must turn to alcohol/drugs to feel rewarded

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8
Q

Why do western systems promote addiction and substance use?

A
  1. Addictions stop people from challenging the society they live in
  2. Addiction is profitable
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9
Q

What are the 3 plausability pathways?

A
  1. Material Deprivation
  2. Biologic
  3. Epigenetic
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10
Q

Give an example of a material deprivation pathway

A
  1. Low income family
  2. Restricted access to healthy food (cannot afford)
  3. Poor health incomes (i.e. increased obesity prevalence)
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11
Q

What happens when your brain identify’s a stressor?

A

The Sympathetic nervous system releases adrenaline

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12
Q

Following a release of adrenaline, what counteracts the sympathetic nervous system?

A

The para-sympathetic nervous system (lowers adrenaline)

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13
Q

How does chronic stress impact the nervous system?

A

It increases activity of the Sympathetic NS permanently and inhibits the parasympathetic NS from calming you down

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14
Q

What are some health outcomes of an overactive sympathetic NS?

A
  • high blood pressure
  • high heart rate
  • anxiety
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15
Q

What are your bodies 2 responses to stress?

A

NS releases adrenaline within seconds while the pituitary gland releases cortisol within minutes

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16
Q

What hormone keeps your blood sugars high so you can fight or flight to escape danger?

A

Cortisol

17
Q

How does cortisol prepare your body for immediate injury?

A

by suppressing the immune system to prevent death due to shock

18
Q

What does cortisol stop your body from doing?

A

Functions necessary to immediate survival (i.e digesting food, making new muscle, etc.)

19
Q

What is an example of human-made cortisol?

A

Prednisone

20
Q

What is the biologic pathway linking racism to pre-term birth?

A
  1. High levels of racism
  2. Biologic impacts (high adrenaline/cortisol)
  3. High pre-term birth
21
Q

What is allostatic load?

A

cumulative measure of the physiologic consequences of high, unrelenting stress on the body

22
Q

What is better than individual biomarkers in predicting physical decline & death?

A

Allostatic Load

23
Q

What happens to children stuck in abusive homes with no way to fight, flee, or help themselves?

A

They acquire an overactive stress response and disassociate from their body. Their body becomes the enemy and they feel the need to abuse/escape it.

24
Q

What happens when children carry ACEs into adulthood?

A

Increased allostatic load and greater negative health outcomes

25
Q

Why is it important to correctly identify the strongest X causing a health outcome (Y) before taking action?

A

Because if we incorrectly assume the X causing Y, we will waste money and time on an intervention that ends up having no impact

26
Q

List some individual level SDOH

A
  • Income
  • ACEs
  • Education
  • Social Connections
  • Housing
  • Discrimination
27
Q

List some group level SDOH

A
  • Health care system quality
  • housing availability
  • GDP
  • Income inequality
  • Unemployment level
28
Q

Why is it said that all epi is social epi?

A

Because all aspects of human life exist within social relations

29
Q

What is needed for public health to maximize the health of the population?

A

scientifically-based evidence on Xs causing Y, and action towards most important X

Intro to Epidemiology (5 decks)

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