social developments 1894 - 1914

Question 1

the urban working class numbers

Answer 1

increased from 2 million in 1900 to 6 million in 1913

Question 2

literacy rates

Answer 2

growing in towns
reached 60% upon workers
75% on skilled workers

Question 3

Factory reforms

Answer 3

employment of women and children
working hours
health insurance
factory owners often ignored

Question 4

Two elements of peasantry in 1994

Answer 4

kulaks and landless labourers/migrants

Question 5

the kulaks

Answer 5

became private landowners ‘stolypins separators’

Question 6

nobility’s key positions

Answer 6

still held key positions in central government, provincial governors and land captains

Question 7

landholdings upon nobility

Answer 7

began to drop
peasants held 47% of land, 16% nobles and 25% state

Question 8

wage labour

Answer 8

increased for urban and agricultural workers

Question 9

the middle class two distinct elements

Answer 9

• professional middle class
• entrepreneurial bourgeoisie

Question 10

other indicators of change

Answer 10

uni students increase
rural school numbers increase
daily newspaper increase