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History - Soviet Union > Social Developments > Flashcards

Social Developments Flashcards

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1
Q

What was Marxists view of Work?

A

Marx holds that work has the potential to be something creative and fulfilling. He consequently rejects the view of work as a necessary evil, denying that the negative character of work is part of our fate, a universal fact about the human condition that no amount of social change could remedy.

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2
Q

When was the declaration of the rights of toiling and exploited people introduced?

A

January 4th, 1918

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3
Q

How many industrial enterprises were closed between March and August of 1917?

A

570

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4
Q

How many were unemployed in October 1918?

A

75%

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5
Q

How many groups was rationing divided into, and which groups got the most food?

A

6 groups, working class got the most

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6
Q

What percentage of people living in Moscow in 1920 used communal dining halls?

A

93% of people living in Moscow in 1920 used
communal dining halls

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7
Q

What market did people turn too during War Communism?

A

The black market

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8
Q

How many administrators were dismissed at the end of War Communism?

A

225,000

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9
Q

Why was War communism unsuccessful

A
  • July 1920 – factories had fuel shortages and
    began to close
  • War Communism never provided more than
    50% of food and fuel that people needed to live
    on
  • Turned to the black market
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10
Q

What percentage of unemployed people in 1922 were women?

A

62.2% of unemployed people

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11
Q

What was included in the 1922 labour law?

A
  • Negotiation agreements about pay and working conditions with
    employers
  • Social Insurance for 9m workers - Disability, maternity,
    unemployment and medical benefits
  • Investment in education for urban workers and families
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12
Q

When was labour discipline ended and what could be punished?

A
  • Labour discipline stopped in 1940
  • Criminalisation of Lateness
  • Unions could not negotiate with factory
    managers
  • Damaging factory property was
    criminalized
  • Strikes were banned
  • Continuous work week
  • One day off a week changes from week
    to week
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13
Q

How many railways were built in the 1930s?

A

30,000km of railways were built

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14
Q

How much did the Industrial workforce increase by between 1945-50?

A

8m to 12.2m

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15
Q

What were the benefits during the 5 years plans?

A
  • Workers entitled to food rations
  • 1933 most Soviet citizens had access to electricity
  • Moscow Metro opens
  • Increase in healthcare provisions and vaccinations campaigns
  • Factory and farm canteens provided meals for workers
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16
Q

How much did infant mortality decline by between 1945 and 1950?

A

Infant mortality declined by 50%

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17
Q

How much did medical doctors increase by between 1945 and 1952?

A

Increase of medical doctors by 2/3rds in 1945-52

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18
Q

In what year did cases of Malaria begin to decline

A

1949 onwards

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19
Q

Negatives of social benefits in 1945 - 53

A
  • Planned economy struggled to produce simple consumer
    goods (soap and warm clothing) led to health problems
  • Major food problems and shortages
  • Sanitation was often inadequate
  • Poor hygiene education
20
Q

When was rent reintroduced?

A

1921

21
Q

What percentage of urban housing was denationalised during the NEP?

A

Between 60-80% of urban housing was denationalised

22
Q
A
23
Q

What percentage of urban housing was denationalised during the NEP?

A

Between 60-80% of urban housing
was denationalised

24
Q

What percentage of house buildings were undertaken by private companies during the NEP?

A

During the NEP 89% of house
buildings was undertaken by
private companies

25
Q

What was the Kommunalka and was the average size of them?

A

Communal apartments

1940 average was 4
square meters, families would share a single small room

26
Q

What happened to the electrification in the 1930’s

A

1930s electrification campaign slowed

27
Q

How many individuals did not have a single bathhouse in the Liubertsy District?

A

In Liubertsy District
650,000 people did not have a single bathhouse

28
Q

What was Magnitogorsk?

A

planned during the 1st five year plan, prioritised factories above housing

29
Q

How many urban housing was destroyed during WW2?

A

1/3 of urban housing was destroyed during WW2

30
Q

In the Moscow Coalfields how many beds were available for 26,000 workers?

A
  • 15,000 beds for 26,000 workers
  • Furniture was also scarce
31
Q

What happened to half of building projects outside Moscow in 1948

A

Half of 1948 house buildings projects outside Moscow
spent 40% of their budget and were never completed

32
Q

How many farming villages were built between 1945 and 1950?

A

4500 farming villages were built

33
Q

How many communal buildings were built between 1945 and 1950?

A

31,000 communal buildings

34
Q

How many homes were constructed or renovated between 1945 and 1950?

A

919,000 homes

35
Q

What was the healthcare budget in 1950 and then 1959?

A
  • 21.4 billion roubles in 1950
  • 44.0 billion roubles in 1959
36
Q

What was the pension budget in 1950 and then 1965?

A
  • 1 million in 1950
  • 4.4 million in 1965
37
Q

What was included in new reforms in 1961?

A
  • Free Lunches in schools, offices and factories
  • Free public transport
  • Full pensions and healthcare rights for farmers
38
Q

What was the Seven Sisters?

A
  • Developed under Stalin with
    similarities to Socialist Realism
  • Construction was expensive
  • Government buildings rather than
    private housing
  • Khrushchev was highly critical of
    these buildings. A part of
    destalinisation
39
Q

What was the Khrushchyovka and what was included in the apartments?

A
  • Constructed quickly from prefabricated
    concrete panels, standardised windows
    and doors
  • 5 storey Apartments
  • Bathroom
  • Kitchen
  • Two bedrooms
  • Recreated privacy
  • Small but bigger than the Kommunalka
40
Q

In what years under Stalin and Krushchev did urban housing double?

A

1950-65

41
Q

What was included in the Social Contract?

A
  • Job security through full employment
  • Low prices for essentials
  • Thriving second economy (Black market)
  • Social benefits including free healthcare
  • Free health care
  • Subsidised rent and utilities
  • Extended to holidays from 1970s
  • Some social mobility
42
Q

What was the percentage of hidden unemployment in the 1970s?

A

20% of hidden unemployment

43
Q

How many vacancies were there in the late 1970s?

A

Late 1970s – 1 million vacancies

44
Q

What percentage did infant mortality increase too in the 1970s?

A

3% to 7% in 1970s

45
Q

What percent of Russians were out of work by 1985

A

2% of Russians were out of work by 1985

46
Q

What number did Life expectancy decrease too in the 1970s?

A

68 to 64 in males

History - Soviet Union (6 decks)

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