Social Developments Flashcards
What was Marxists view of Work?
Marx holds that work has the potential to be something creative and fulfilling. He consequently rejects the view of work as a necessary evil, denying that the negative character of work is part of our fate, a universal fact about the human condition that no amount of social change could remedy.
When was the declaration of the rights of toiling and exploited people introduced?
January 4th, 1918
How many industrial enterprises were closed between March and August of 1917?
570
How many were unemployed in October 1918?
75%
How many groups was rationing divided into, and which groups got the most food?
6 groups, working class got the most
What percentage of people living in Moscow in 1920 used communal dining halls?
93% of people living in Moscow in 1920 used
communal dining halls
What market did people turn too during War Communism?
The black market
How many administrators were dismissed at the end of War Communism?
225,000
Why was War communism unsuccessful
- July 1920 – factories had fuel shortages and
began to close - War Communism never provided more than
50% of food and fuel that people needed to live
on - Turned to the black market
What percentage of unemployed people in 1922 were women?
62.2% of unemployed people
What was included in the 1922 labour law?
- Negotiation agreements about pay and working conditions with
employers - Social Insurance for 9m workers - Disability, maternity,
unemployment and medical benefits - Investment in education for urban workers and families
When was labour discipline ended and what could be punished?
- Labour discipline stopped in 1940
- Criminalisation of Lateness
- Unions could not negotiate with factory
managers - Damaging factory property was
criminalized - Strikes were banned
- Continuous work week
- One day off a week changes from week
to week
How many railways were built in the 1930s?
30,000km of railways were built
How much did the Industrial workforce increase by between 1945-50?
8m to 12.2m
What were the benefits during the 5 years plans?
- Workers entitled to food rations
- 1933 most Soviet citizens had access to electricity
- Moscow Metro opens
- Increase in healthcare provisions and vaccinations campaigns
- Factory and farm canteens provided meals for workers
How much did infant mortality decline by between 1945 and 1950?
Infant mortality declined by 50%
How much did medical doctors increase by between 1945 and 1952?
Increase of medical doctors by 2/3rds in 1945-52
In what year did cases of Malaria begin to decline
1949 onwards
Negatives of social benefits in 1945 - 53
- Planned economy struggled to produce simple consumer
goods (soap and warm clothing) led to health problems - Major food problems and shortages
- Sanitation was often inadequate
- Poor hygiene education
When was rent reintroduced?
1921
What percentage of urban housing was denationalised during the NEP?
Between 60-80% of urban housing was denationalised
What percentage of urban housing was denationalised during the NEP?
Between 60-80% of urban housing
was denationalised
What percentage of house buildings were undertaken by private companies during the NEP?
During the NEP 89% of house
buildings was undertaken by
private companies
