social determinants of health I, II

Question 1

health vs illness

Answer 1

health: state of overall well-being and functioning and not solely determined by individual lifestyle choices but is influenced by broader societal and environmental factors

illness: state of poor health or dysfunction and can be influenced by a combination of individual choices, environmental factors and structural determinants

Question 2

Canada’s history with social determinants of health

Answer 2

• Lalonde Report (1974) A New Perspective on Health of Canadians
• Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986)
• EPP Report

Question 3

Lalonde Report (1974) A New Perspective on the Health of Canadians

Answer 3

• introduced the health field concept
• health care is not the total answer to achieving health

outlined four broad concepts to consider

• human biology
• environment
• lifestyle
• health care organization

Question 4

Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986)

Answer 4

• provided a definition of Health Promotion
• outlined prerequisites for Health

Question 5

Epp Report

Answer 5

• Advocated for health promotion as a strategy to reduce health inequities
• reaffirmed the Ottawa Charter

Defined three mechanisms of health promotion
- self care
- mutual aid
- healthy environments

Question 6

health promotion

Answer 6

Health promotion is a process that aims to enable individuals and communities to improve their health by emphasizing the prevention of illness, promoting healthy behaviors, and enhancing overall well-being.

Question 7

Health Field

Answer 7

The health field acknowledges that health is a complex matter influenced by various factors. It recognizes four major areas within the health field, such as human biology, and aims to shift the focus from a purely medical approach to a more holistic view of health and healthcare.

Question 8

Healthcare

Answer 8

Healthcare refers to the nature of the healthcare system, including its quality, arrangement, nature, and relationships of people and resources in the provision of healthcare. It suggests that health and healthcare are not solely determined by the healthcare system but are influenced by a broader set of factors.

Question 9

Population Health

Answer 9

Population health is an approach to public health that considers the overall health and well-being of entire populations rather than just individual health. It recognizes that health is influenced by social determinants such as income, housing, education, and employment.

Question 10

Biomedical Model

Answer 10

• Health and illness are primarily viewed as results of biological and physiological problems.
• Emphasizes the role of genetics, infections, and cellular-level issues in determining health and illness.

Question 11

Behavioural Model

Answer 11

• Health and illness are seen as outcomes of individual behaviours and actions.
• Choices made by individuals are considered central factors influencing health.
• Interventions in this model often focus on changing individual behaviour through education, persuasion, or regulation.

Question 12

Socio-environmental model

Answer 12

• Recognizes that health and illness are shaped by broader structural factors and environments.
• Takes into account the social determinants of health such as income, education, employment, housing, and access to healthcare.
• Acknowledges that individuals may not have complete control over their health behaviour choices

Question 13

income

Answer 13

: Income is considered the greatest contributor to individual health and is linked to greater life expectancy and higher self-rated health.

Question 14

income inequality

Answer 14

Income inequality refers to the distribution of income in a population, and higher levels of income inequality are related to lower life expectancies.

Question 15

political systems

Answer 15

Political systems can influence income inequality, with social democratic systems having the lowest level of income inequality and conservative/fascist systems having the greatest level of income inequality.

Question 16

networks

Answer 16

Social networks play a role in shaping health behaviour, with social supports and social capital benefiting individual health.

Question 17

activities of daily living

Answer 17

Activities of daily living, such as driving and eating, can impact health through factors like physical activity, air quality, and access to healthy food options.

Question 18

car culture

Answer 18

promotes urban sprawl and decreased social interaction as it impacts the disadvantaged and overburdens public transit

Question 19

how neighbourhoods impact health

Answer 19

can be designed to provide easy access to health services, which increases usage

Question 20

How can we identify and address the determinants of health

Answer 20

ecological model: focuses on the context in which health behaviours are made, encouraging changes at the individual, community and social level to support healthy behaviours

Question 21

biomedicine

Answer 21

A system of healing that views illness as a biological manifestation affecting the individual. It has historical roots dating back to ancient medical practices and emphasizes the importance of diet and exercise in treatment.

Question 22

what did healers in the past use?

Answer 22

herbs, potions, and performed surgeries

Question 23

Ancient medical thinkers

Answer 23

Hippocrates and Galen contributed to the foundation of medical knowledge

Question 24

Who developed in-depth knowledge of anatomy and neuroscience

Answer 24

early Egyption physicians

Question 25

Hippocratic medicine emphasized heavily on what

Answer 25

diet and exercise as a treatment option
“Let food be thy medicine”