social construction

Question 1

status

Answer 1

socially defined positions
-can have many at once

Question 2

achieved status

Answer 2

• status that is earned or acquired

Question 3

ascribed

Answer 3

someone is born into or imposed by nature

Question 4

master status

Answer 4

status that dominates others and determines someone general position in society

Question 5

roles

Answer 5

responsibility that someone holds based on their status
- play a role

Question 6

role conflict

Answer 6

demands of one status interfere with the demands of another

Question 7

role strain

Answer 7

the same role has competing demands (doctor in covid)

Question 8

role exit

Answer 8

leaving a role that us central to a persons self identity

Question 9

primary groups

Answer 9

• cooley
• close knit and personal
• small
• regular face to face interactiosn

Question 10

secondary groups

Answer 10

larger groups that are not as personal

Question 11

simmel on groups

Answer 11

small groups have distinctive interaction patterns that do not exist in larger groups

Question 12

dyad

Answer 12

group of two members
- both mebers must participate in group
- have a more intense bond

Question 13

triad

Answer 13

third person in group
- dynamic changes from a dyad

Question 14

Organic solidarity

Answer 14

• durkheim
• collective consciousness that depends on interdependence
• societies with complexe division of labors

Question 15

mechanical solidarity

Answer 15

group solidarity
- minimal division of labour

Question 16

tonnies

Answer 16

social grouping in urban and rural life
gemeinschaft and gesellschaft

Question 17

gemeinschaft

Answer 17

community
intimate and family and kinship

Question 18

gesellschaft

Answer 18

society
- inpersonal

Question 19

sociocultural evolution

Answer 19

• gerhard lenski
• social structures change as technology becomes more sophisticated

Question 20

stages of sociocultural evolution

Answer 20

• hunting and gathering (nomadic)
• horticultural (more settled)
• agrarian (larger more stable settlements)
• indistrial (mechanical power)
• postindustrial (reliance of service)
• postmodern (high technology)

Question 21

bureaucracy

Answer 21

• weber
  component of formal orginization that uses rules and hierichal ranking to achieve efficiency

Question 22

principles of buraucracy

Answer 22

• division of labor
• hierachal authoriy
• written rules
• impersonality
• employment based on technical skills

Question 23

peter principle

Answer 23

principle of organized life according to which every employe within a hierarchy tends to rise to his or her level of incompetence

Question 24

mcdonaldization

Answer 24

ritzer
- creates lesser choice and quality of service and

Question 25

iron laws of oligarchy

Answer 25

michels
- dangers of authoritarism resulting organized hierarchy in bureaucratice organizations
- organizations become oligarchies when a small segment controls most of the descisions

Question 26

scientific management approach

Answer 26

management approach to increase efficiency and productivity of labor by careful supervision of workers and processes

Question 27

human relarions approach

Answer 27

alternative management style that observes the impact of the workers feelings and emotional need
- aims to increase productivity and efficiency by improving these conditions