Social-Cognitive Learning Flashcards
Define cognitive map
a mental representation of the spatial characteristics of a familiar environment
What is latent learning
learning can occur in absence of rewards & punishments (i.e. it is learning through experience)
- Tolman challenged the traditional behaviourist account
What is interesting about Group C rats (the ones who were only reinforced after day 10)?
They initially appeared not to learn, but when given a food reward on the 11th day, their performance on subsequent days equaled the performance of the rats in group B
What did Tolman’s research with rats illustrate?
showed rewards affect whether the learned behaviour will be demonstrated, not whether learning has occurred
What is observational learning?
learning takes place socially & vicariously through observing others (models)
- through ACTIVE JUDGEMENT & CONSTRUCTIVE PROCESSES
- i.e. the cognitive processes of mental representation
What was Bandura’s aim?
he was interested in demonstrating that learning was latent
- children will learn from what they observe, but will only perform that learning observably in behaviour under certain conditions
What happened in the model-rewarded condition of Bandura’s experiment?
- a 2nd adult rewarded the first with candies & compliments
What happened in the model-punished condition?
- the reinforcing agent rebuked the the 1st adult & punished him
What happened in the no-consequences condition?
no reinforcement or punishment ending was included
What did Bandura’s study demonstrate?
- vicarious reinforcement & vicarious punishment
- that learning can occur socially through observation, in the absence of directly experienced consequences
