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Semester 5 FSNM Exam 8 > Social/Cognitive Development 1 > Flashcards

Social/Cognitive Development 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Psychoanalytical theories based on

A

idea that things that happen in childhood impact adulthood

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2
Q

Psychoanalytical theories include

A

Freud

Erikson

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3
Q

Psychoanalytical theories - Freud

A

Psychosexual stages (5)
Both a conscious and subconscious thought
Emphasized idea of id, ego, and super ego

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4
Q

Psychoanalytical theories - Freud - Id, Ego, Super Ego

A

Id - instinct
Ego - reasoning
Super Ego - executive function, morality

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5
Q

Psychoanalytical theories - Erikson

A 
Emphasized importance of social interaction 
Psychosocial stages (8)
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6
Q

Psychoanalytical theories - Erikson - 8 psychosocial stages

A 
Trust vs. Mistrust
Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt
Initiative vs. Guilt
Identity vs. Identity Conf
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Integrity vs. Despair
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7
Q

Cognitive theories - based on

A

development is based on internal act of processing that occurs in development

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8
Q

Cognitive theories include

A

Piaget

Lev Vygotsky

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9
Q

Cognitive theories - Piaget

A

Learning is an active process that involves organization, adaptation, schema
There are 4 stages

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10
Q

Cognitive theories - piaget - 4 stages

A

Sensorimotor (birth to 2)
Preoperational (2-7)
Concrete Operational (7-11)
Formal Operational (11+)

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11
Q

Cognitive theories - piaget - 4 stages - Sensorimotor

A

Learning based on moving and exploring
Manipulating things and interacting with them
Stacking blocks

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12
Q

Cognitive theories - piaget - 4 stages - Preoperational stage

A

Symbolic thoughts
Begin to internalize concepts with direct observation
Lack of conservation
Child is able to see picture in book and relate it to an activity or scenario

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13
Q

Cognitive theories - piaget - 4 stages - Concrete Operational

A

Able to do logical things but only concrete
Reversibility
No longer display lack of conservation
A child takes facts and organizes them to make sense of a subject that they have no personal connection with

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14
Q

Cognitive theories - piaget - 4 stages - Formal operational stage

A

Abstract, idealistic theory
Able to think of world related to their beliefs
Participate in debate to express values about a subject

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15
Q

Cognitive theories - Lee Vygotsky

A

Knowledge learned actively
Emphasized impact of society and culture and their impact on cognitive development
Development of cognition is based on societal tools - language, math, memory strategy

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16
Q

Cognitive theories - Pros

A

Give positive view of development and emphasize active process over the lifespan

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17
Q

Cognitive theories - Cons

A

Cognition is often under or over estimated, does not always follow step wise pattern, and does not explain variability

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18
Q

Behavioral theories -

A

Consider the relation of cause and effect and how bx influences development

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19
Q

Bx theories - what are they

A

Pavlov classical conditioning
Skinners operant conditioning
Banduras social cog theory

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20
Q

Bx theories - Pavlov classical conditioning

A

Trained dogs to salivate with ringing bell

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21
Q

Bx theories - Skinner operant conditioning

A

Positive and negative reinforcement

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22
Q

Bx theories - Bandura social cognitive theory

A

Children observe a bx, make cognitive representation of it, adopt it
Imitation and modeling encourages bx

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23
Q

Misc. Theory - Ethological

A

Biology impacts development

Critical periods - based on imprinting geese

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24
Q

Misc. Theory - Ethological - Kangaroo Care

A

Attachment during 1st year is really important

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25
Q

Misc. Theory - Ecological

A

We all live in environment of different systems and all of them effect each other even if they do not interact directly

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26
Q

Misc. Theory - Eclectic

A

Utilizes all theories

Not just one theory to explain all of development

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27
Q

Emotional development - Early emotional development - Primary emotions

A

Appear in first 6 months
We interpret based on face
Surprise, Interest, Joy, Fear, Sadness, Anger, Disgust

28
Q

Emotional development - Early emotional development - Self Conscious Emotions

A

Develop around 18 months
Require awareness of self separate from others
Jealousy, Empathy, Embarrassment, Pride, Shame, Guilt

29
Q

Emotional development - Early emotional development - Smiles

A

Reflexive until 4-6 wks

Social/Natural smile occur when baby enjoys or is stimulated by environment

30
Q

Emotional development - Early emotional development - Cries

A

Different for every baby but some characteristics occur across babies
Pain - sudden and loud followed by breath holding period before another cry starts

31
Q

Emotional development - Early emotional development - Fears

A

Begin at 6-9 months

Stranger anxiety - usually around 9-11 month mark

32
Q

Emotional development - Developing Emotional Competence

A 
Recognition of own emotions 
Understand own emotions
Control one's state (regardless of others)
Use vocab to express emotion
Empathy and Sympathy 
Internal vs external representation 
Created coping skills
Emotional impact
Self professing emotions
33
Q

Emotional development - Emotional Regulation

A

Regulation of emotions progresses from external to internal regulation

34
Q

Emotional development - Emotional Regulation - External regulation

A

Parent/Caregiver soothing
Pacifier
Parent facial cues
Narrative to child

35
Q

Emotional development - Emotional Regulation - Internal regulation

A

Monitor own facial expressions
Cognitive strategies
Self regulation/arousal
Cope with stress

36
Q

Moral Development -

A

Continuum of learning right vs wrong

Kohlberg’s moral developmental stages (3)

37
Q

Moral developments - Kohlberg stages

A

Pre-conventional
Conventional
Post conventional

38
Q

Moral developments - Kohlberg stages - Pre conventional

A

Early understanding of fairness

Fear punishment to maintain morality

39
Q

Moral developments - Kohlberg stages - Conventional

A

Guided by law

Law was put in place to protect community

40
Q

Moral developments - Kohlberg stages - Post conventional

A

Based on what is right for the individual rather than just what the rule of law says

41
Q

Types of play - theories

A

Contemporary perspective focused on cognitive and social aspects
Partens classical study of play - more focused on social aspects

42
Q

Types of play - theories - Contemporary Perspective

A 
Sensorimotor
Practice
Pretense/Symbolic
Social
Constructive
Games
43
Q

Types of play - theories - Contemporary Perspective - Sensorimotor

A

Play based on mvmnts to learn about the environment
9 m - play with new toys, explore
12 m - cause and effect

44
Q

Types of play - theories - Contemporary Perspective - Practice

A

Repetitive, new skills learned

Shake a rattle, jump, skip, throw a basketball, hop, slide, twirl

45
Q

Types of play - theories - Contemporary Perspective - Pretense/Symbolic

A

Mostly preschool

Play make believe

46
Q

Types of play - theories - Contemporary Perspective - Social

A

Peer interaction

Taking turns, conversation, teams

47
Q

Types of play - theories - Contemporary Perspective - Constructive

A

Combination of first 3
Creating a product
Seen across all ages

48
Q

Types of play - theories - Contemporary Perspective - Games

A

Play activities with rules

As pleasure or comp.

49
Q

Types of play - theories - Parten

A 
Unoccupied play
Solitary play
Onlooker play
Parallel play
Associative play
Cooperative play
50
Q

Types of play - theories - Parten - Unoccupied play

A

No goals, random mvmnt
Might be standing still
Does not look like play

51
Q

Types of play - theories - Parten - Solitary play

A

Playing by oneself (2-3 yrs)

52
Q

Types of play - theories - Parten - Onlooker

A

Watching other play

Might ask questions

53
Q

Types of play - theories - Parten - Parallel

A

Side by side
Might be same activity
Usually preschool

54
Q

Types of play - theories - Parten - Associative

A

Children attend to each other rather than to task
No rules
Little organization
Poking

55
Q

Types of play - theories - Parten - Cooperative play

A

Play together to reach a goal
Games, group work
Middle childhood

56
Q

Parenting styles - Demandingness

A

How much the parent expects of their child

57
Q

Parenting styles - Responsiveness -

A

How much the parent response to their child

58
Q

Parenting styles - authoritarian

A

Highly demanding, low responsiveness
Controlling, restrictive, stern
You better do it this way mentality
Might spank

59
Q

Parenting styles - authoritarian - children are

A

poor communication skills
aggression
may lead to unhappiness
poor activity initiation

60
Q

Parenting styles - Authoritative

A

Highly demanding, highly responsive
Encourage independence within limits and has expectations of child
Allows child to express views
Nurturing, good parental support

61
Q

Parenting styles - Authoritative - Child

A

happy
friendly
independent thinkers good peer interaction

62
Q

Parenting styles - Indulgent

A

Low demanding, high responsiveness

Show love and nurture but no limits or setting of expectations

63
Q

Parenting styles - Indulgent - Children

A

difficulty controlling their behaviors
selfishness
don’t follow directions
may have social issues with peers

64
Q

Parenting styles - Neglectful

A

Low demands, low responsiveness

Uninvolved, ingnore the child

65
Q

Parentign styles - neglectful - children

A

low self esteem
withdrawn personality
issues with maturity

Semester 5 FSNM Exam 8 (5 decks)

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