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Social Psychology > Social Cognition > Flashcards

Social Cognition Flashcards

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1
Q

what is social cognition

A

Cognitive processes/structures that influence are are influenced by social behavior

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2
Q

Behaviorism

A

an emphasis on explaining observable behavior in terms of reinforcement schedules

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3
Q

Gestalt Psychology

A

Perspective in which the whole influences constituent parts rather that the other way around

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4
Q

Cognitive consistency

A

Social cognition model where people try to reduce inconsistencies in their cognitions because inconsistency is unpleasant

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5
Q

Naive psychologist

A

social cognition model that characterises people as using rational cause and effect analyses to understand the world

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6
Q

Attribution

A

process of assigning a cause to our own behavior and that of others

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7
Q

cognitive misers

A

social cognition model that assumes people use the least complex cognitions that can produce generally adaptive behaviors, due to having a limited capacity to process information

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8
Q

Motivated tactician

A

social cognition model that assumes people have several cognitive strategies available which they choose from based on their current goals/needs

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9
Q

social neuroscience

A

exploration of brain activity associated with with social cognition and social psychological phenomena

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10
Q

configural model

A

Asch’s Gestalt-based model of impression formation, in which central traits play a disproportionate role in configuring the final impression

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11
Q

Central traits

A

traits with a disproportionate influence on the configuration of final impresions in Asch’s configural model of impression formation

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12
Q

Peripheral traits

A

traits that have an insignificant influence on the configuration of the final impression, in Asch’s configural model of impression formation

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13
Q

primacy

A

An order of presentation effect in which earlier presented information has a disproportionate influence on social cognition

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14
Q

recency

A

an order of presentation effect in which later presented information has a disproportionate influence on social cognition

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15
Q

personal constructs

A

Idiosyncratic personal ways of categorizing other people

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16
Q

implicit personality theories

A

idiosyncratic and personal ways of characterizing other people and explaining their behavior

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17
Q

Stereotype

A

widely shared and simplified evaluative image of a social group and its members

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18
Q

social judgeability

A

perception of wether it is socially acceptable to judge a specific target

19
Q

cognitive algebra

A

Approach to a study of impression formation that focuses on how people combine attributes that have valence into an overall positive or negative impression

20
Q

summation

A

method of forming positive/negative impressions by averaging valence of all constituent attributes

21
Q

weighted averaging

A

method of forming positive/negative impressions by first weighting and then averaging the valence of all constituent person attributes

22
Q

Schema

A

cognitive structure that represents knowledge about a concept or type of stimulus, including its attributes and the relations among those attributes

23
Q

script

A

a schema about an event

24
Q

roles

A

patterns of behavior, that distinguish between different activities between different activities within the group and interrelate to one another for the greater good of the group

25
Q

types of schemas 5

A

person schemas: knowledge structures about specific individuals
role schemas: knowledge structures about role occupants eg doctors
Scripts: schemas about events are usually scripts
content-free schemas: information on limited numbers of rules for processing information eg like or dislike tom
self schemas: store of information about themselves

26
Q

fuzzy sets

A

categories are considered to be fuzzy sets of features organized around a prototype

27
Q

prototype

A

cognitive representation of the typical defining features of a category

28
Q

associative network

A

model of memory in which nodes or ideas are connected by associative links along with cognitive activation can spread

29
Q

accentuation principle

A

categorization accentuates perceived similarities within and differences between groups on dimensions that people believe are correlated with the categorization. effect is amplified where the categorization has subjective importance, relevance or value

30
Q

self identity theory

A

theory of group membership and intergroup relations based on self categorization, social comparison and the construction of a shared self-definition in terms of ingroup-defning properties

31
Q

self-categorization theory

A

Turner & associates theory of how the process of categorizing oneself as a group member produces social identity and group and intergroup behaviors

32
Q

accessibility

A

ease of recall of categories or schemas that we already have in mind

33
Q

bookkeeping
conversion
subtyping

A

bookkeeping: gradual schema change through accumulating bits of schema-inconsistent information

Conversion: sudden schema change as consequence of gradual accumulation of schema-inconsistent information

Subtyping: schema change as consequence of schema-inconsistent information, causing subcategory formation

34
Q

salience

A

property of a stimulus that makes it stand out in relation to other stimuli and attract information

35
Q

priming

A

activation of accessible categories or schemas in memory that influence how we process new information

36
Q

Normative models

A

ideal processes for making accurate social inferences

37
Q

behavioral decision theory

A

set of normative models for making accurate social inferences

38
Q

behavioral decision theory

A

set of normative models for making accurate social inferences

39
Q

regression

A

tendency for initial observations of instances from a category of instances from a category to be more extreme than subsequent observations eg be conservative when forming your opinion if its based on one instance

40
Q

Illusory correlation
Associative meaning
paired distinctiveness

A

illusory correlation: cognitive exaggeration of the degree of co-occurrence of two stimuli or events, or perceiving co-occurrence when there is none

Associative meaning: Illusory correlation in which items seen as belonging together because they “should”, on the basis or prior expectations

paired distinctiveness: illusory correlation in which items are seen as belonging together because they share some similar features

41
Q

heuristics

A

cognitive shortcuts that provide adequately accurate inferences for most of us most of the time, three keys are: representativeness, availability and anchoring and adjustment

42
Q

representativeness heuritics
Availability heuristic

A

representative heuristic: cognitive shortcut in which instances are assigned to categories or types on the basis of overall similarity to the category

Availability heuristic: cognitive shortcut in which inferences are tied to initial standards or schemas

43
Q

affect-infusion model
direct access
motivated processing
heuristic processing
substantive processing

A

cognition is infused with affect such that social judgements reflect current mood.

Direct access: directly access schemas or judgements stored in memory

motivated processing: form judgement on the basis of specific motivations to achieve goal or repair existing mood

heuristics processing: rely on various cognitive shortcuts or heuristics

substantive processing: deliberately and carefully construct judgement from a variety of informational sources

Social Psychology (3 decks)

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