Social class outside factors Flashcards
Intelligence - Eysenck
claims between 60-80% of intelligence is genetically based and also claims what children take out of school is proportional to what they bring into the school in terms of IQ
intelligence - Hernstein and Jensen
class difference in intelligence largely account for class differences in educational attainment
Material factors - Smith and Noble
discuss ‘financial barriers to learning’ due to parents low income and due to this unable to afford school uniforms, transport, textbooks and class materials - lead to isolation and bullying
result of this
- work part time jobs and look after younger siblings
- less likely to have computer/desk area
material factors - Raey et al
discusses economic capital needed to gain cultural capital with out this impacts negative educational attainment
also claims private education is another way of paying into cultural capital WC face educational advantages and more likely to work part time jobs and work long hours reducing chance of getting higher grades
Material factors - Callendar and Jackson
carried out surveys and found that WC pupils had ‘fear of debt’ and were 4 times less likely to apply for university
Home and Parental interest - Douglas
carried out longitudinal survey + argued degree of parents interest in education important. MC parents more likely to encourage attainment and progression. judged based on frequent visits to school to discuss child’s progress
home and parental interest - feinstein
measured parental interest by asking for teachers assessment/judgement of how much interest parent’s showed in their child’s education
Language and speech (cultural factors) Bernstein
defines restricted and elaborated codes where he finds MC able to use both whereas WC only use one
restricted codes = lacks in depth descriptions only used in informal situations + highly predictable and dialogue usually unplanned additional knowledge needed to gain more info - WC use this
Elaborated code = used by MC used in formal situations and allows people to be creative in expressions and descriptions + is characterised by range of vocab no need for further info
WC subcultures (cultural factor) Sugarman
WC characterised by:
Fatalism - accept future in manual labour jobs, lack academic success + don’t attempt to change
Immediate gratification - would rather have money now than work hard towards degrees
Present time orientation - less focus attention towards work and progressing and developing in order to improve future prospects
Marxists - Bourdieu
education system in favour of dominant classes + devalues knowledge of working class
Marxists - Gerwitz
competition between schools benefits MC who can get children into desirable schools. Found MC parents tend go be privileged skilled choosers who understand how to access best schools. MC parents have more economic capital which allow move house in better area with better school
