social class dicferences ( external )

Question 1

3 main aspects of cultural deprivation

Answer 1

Language, parents education, subcultures

Question 2

what is cultural deprivation

Answer 2

when students lack the cultural equipment to do well in school

Question 3

what are the two types of speech codes

Answer 3

The restricted code
The elaborated code

Question 4

what is the restricted code and who is it used by

Answer 4

Typically used by working class, limited vocabulary, grammatically incorrect and have simple sentences.

Question 5

What is the elaborated code and who is it used by

Answer 5

Typically used by the middle-class, wider vocabulary, complex ,longer sentences

Question 6

who found working class parents generally out less value on education

Answer 6

Douglas

Question 7

What did Feinstein argue

Answer 7

Middle class parents tend to be better educated and as such socialise children to be more positive towards education.

Question 8

Who argues the working class have 4 key beliefs that act as barriers to educational success

Answer 8

Sugarman

Question 9

What are the 4 working class subcultures developed by sugarman

Answer 9

Fatalism
Immediate gratification
Present-time orientated
Collectivism

Question 10

What is compensatory education

Answer 10

Programmes that aim to tackle the problem of cultural deprivation by providing extra sources to schools and communities in deprived areas

Question 11

two examples of compensatory education

Answer 11

Sesame street - a tv show aimed at instilling educational values, attitudes and skills

Sure start - centres that were set up in deprived areas that provided education, care, family support, health services and support with parental employment

Question 12

What does Keddie argue

Answer 12

That cultural deprivation is a myth and that a child can’t be deprived of its own culture just culturally different

Question 13

What do blackstone and mortimore criticise - what do they say instead

Answer 13

That working class parents don’t care about their child’s education
- they attended less parents evenings because they work long hours
- they are put off by the m/c atmosphere of the school
- they want to help but have a lack of knowledge to do so

Question 14

what is material deprivation

Answer 14

Poverty and lack of material necessities such as housing and income

Question 15

what direct and indirect affects can poor housing have on a child’s achievement

Answer 15

direct - overcrowding can make it hard for a child to study, family’s in temporary accommodation more often which results in changes to schools and disruption
indirect - cold or damp housing leads to illness, children in crowded homes are at greater risk of accidents

Question 16

what did Howard say about diet and health

Answer 16

That young people from poorer homes have lower intakes of energy, vitamins and minerals - poor nutrition means weaker immune systems leading to absence from school

Question 17

what did Tanner find

Answer 17

The cost of transport, books, computers, sports and music and art equipment place a heavy burden on poorer families

Question 18

what did Flaherty find

Answer 18

the fear of stigmatisation is one of the main reasons why only 20% of children entitled to free school meals actually take them

Question 19

What did Callendar and Jackson find about fear of debt

Answer 19

That w/c students saw university as something negative due to the money, they were 5x less likely to apply to uni than m/c

Question 20

what are the 3 types of capital m/c possess more of and who came up with this

Answer 20

Economic
Educational
Cultural
- Bourdieu (marxist)

Question 21

What is cultural capital

Answer 21

the knowledge, attitudes, values, language, tastes, and abilities of the middle-class - the education system isn’t neutral but transmits the dominant middle class culture which leads to working class failing exams

Question 22

What did Bourdieu say about economic and educational capital

Answer 22

He says they can be converted into one another - e.g. m/c people with cultural capital are better equipped to meet the demands of schools and therefore possess more educational
- similarly wealthy appearance, who possess more economic capital can convert that into educational capital by : paying for extra tuition and sending them to private school (m/c parents are also more likely to be able to afford a house in a catchment area of good schools)

Question 23

What was sullivans study about capital

Answer 23

she did a questionnaire with 465 pupils in 4 schools - she asked them questions about reading and TV viewing habits, and whether they’re visited art, galleries, museums and theatres. She also tested vocab and knowledge of cultural figures

FINDINGS -
.those who read complex fiction and watched serious, TV documentaries, had a more developed vocab and great knowledge of cultural figures - indicating greater cultural capital
. The peoples with the greatest cultural capital were children of graduates and were more likely to do well at GCSE.