social class dicferences ( external ) Flashcards
3 main aspects of cultural deprivation
Language, parents education, subcultures
what is cultural deprivation
when students lack the cultural equipment to do well in school
what are the two types of speech codes
The restricted code
The elaborated code
what is the restricted code and who is it used by
Typically used by working class, limited vocabulary, grammatically incorrect and have simple sentences.
What is the elaborated code and who is it used by
Typically used by the middle-class, wider vocabulary, complex ,longer sentences
who found working class parents generally out less value on education
Douglas
What did Feinstein argue
Middle class parents tend to be better educated and as such socialise children to be more positive towards education.
Who argues the working class have 4 key beliefs that act as barriers to educational success
Sugarman
What are the 4 working class subcultures developed by sugarman
Fatalism
Immediate gratification
Present-time orientated
Collectivism
What is compensatory education
Programmes that aim to tackle the problem of cultural deprivation by providing extra sources to schools and communities in deprived areas
two examples of compensatory education
Sesame street - a tv show aimed at instilling educational values, attitudes and skills
Sure start - centres that were set up in deprived areas that provided education, care, family support, health services and support with parental employment
What does Keddie argue
That cultural deprivation is a myth and that a child can’t be deprived of its own culture just culturally different
What do blackstone and mortimore criticise - what do they say instead
That working class parents don’t care about their child’s education
- they attended less parents evenings because they work long hours
- they are put off by the m/c atmosphere of the school
- they want to help but have a lack of knowledge to do so
what is material deprivation
Poverty and lack of material necessities such as housing and income
what direct and indirect affects can poor housing have on a child’s achievement
direct - overcrowding can make it hard for a child to study, family’s in temporary accommodation more often which results in changes to schools and disruption
indirect - cold or damp housing leads to illness, children in crowded homes are at greater risk of accidents
what did Howard say about diet and health
That young people from poorer homes have lower intakes of energy, vitamins and minerals - poor nutrition means weaker immune systems leading to absence from school
what did Tanner find
The cost of transport, books, computers, sports and music and art equipment place a heavy burden on poorer families
what did Flaherty find
the fear of stigmatisation is one of the main reasons why only 20% of children entitled to free school meals actually take them
What did Callendar and Jackson find about fear of debt
That w/c students saw university as something negative due to the money, they were 5x less likely to apply to uni than m/c
what are the 3 types of capital m/c possess more of and who came up with this
Economic
Educational
Cultural
- Bourdieu (marxist)
What is cultural capital
the knowledge, attitudes, values, language, tastes, and abilities of the middle-class - the education system isn’t neutral but transmits the dominant middle class culture which leads to working class failing exams
What did Bourdieu say about economic and educational capital
He says they can be converted into one another - e.g. m/c people with cultural capital are better equipped to meet the demands of schools and therefore possess more educational
- similarly wealthy appearance, who possess more economic capital can convert that into educational capital by : paying for extra tuition and sending them to private school (m/c parents are also more likely to be able to afford a house in a catchment area of good schools)
What was sullivans study about capital
she did a questionnaire with 465 pupils in 4 schools - she asked them questions about reading and TV viewing habits, and whether they’re visited art, galleries, museums and theatres. She also tested vocab and knowledge of cultural figures
FINDINGS -
.those who read complex fiction and watched serious, TV documentaries, had a more developed vocab and great knowledge of cultural figures - indicating greater cultural capital
. The peoples with the greatest cultural capital were children of graduates and were more likely to do well at GCSE.
