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soci101 > social class > Flashcards

social class Flashcards

1
Q

what is social stratification?

A

a system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy

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2
Q

what is the Caste system?

A

a strict stratification based on ascription or birth
ex: the Indian varnas and Edo society

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3
Q

what is the class system?

A

stratification based on birth and individual achievement

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4
Q

what is social mobility?

A

a change in position within the social hierarchy

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5
Q

what is meritocracy?

A

a stratification based on personal merit.
ex: Singapore’s system

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6
Q

what is status consistency?

A

the degree of uniformity in a person’s social standing across various dimensions of social inequality
ex: A highly esteemed professor at a prestigious institution who is paid well

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7
Q

what are classless societies?

A

a society where no one is born into a social class
ex: the former soviet union claimed to be one, but the party members had great advantages

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8
Q

what is role exit?

A

the process by which people disengage from important social roles
ex: catholic nun into a university sociologist

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9
Q

what is the Davis-Moore thesis: structural-functional theory?

A

the belief that social stratification had beneficial consequences for the operation of a society.
ex: inequality= more efficent society. people who perform poorly are rewarded differently compared to those who perform well.

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10
Q

what is the Social-conflict theory: Marx & Weber?

A

argues that social stratification benefits some people and disadvantages other

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11
Q

what is Marx’s class conflict argument?

A

he questioned why society was rich, yet so many individuals remained poor.
Marx believed that the working class majority would overthrow the captialist because it makes workers poor and contains little control. capitalism= alienation.

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12
Q

why Marx’s revolution theory failed.

A
  1. fragmentation of the capitalist class
  2. a higher standard of living
  3. more worker organizations
  4. greater legal protections
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13
Q

social stratification & the 3 dimensions of inequality: weber

A
  1. economic inequality
  2. status/social prestige
  3. power
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14
Q

what is the socio-economic status?

A

a composite ranking based on various dimensions of social inequality

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15
Q

structural-function theory + insight

A

this theory points to ways social stratification helps society operate

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16
Q

social-conflict + insight

A

this theory claims that stratification divides societies in classes, benefiting some categories of people at the expense of others

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17
Q

symbolic-interaction theory + insight

A

this theory explains that we size up people by looking for clues to their social standing

18
Q

what is conspicuous consumption?

A

buying and using products because of the “statements” they make about social positions

19
Q

what is the Kuznets curve?

A

more pronounced stratification comes with technological advances

20
Q

what is intragenerational mobility?

A

change in social position during one person’s lifetime

21
Q

what is intergenerational mobility?

A

upwards or downward movement that takes place across generations within a family

22
Q

what are the results of social mobility and marriage

A
  1. wealthier
  2. works harder to save money
  3. divorce= lower social position bc financial burden
23
Q

what are the results of social mobility and race, ethnicity, and gender

A
  1. unemployment gap is bigger for aboriginal people
  2. low income among visible minority
  3. women have less chance for upward mobility
24
Q

what is the 2 reasoning behind poverty?

A
  1. poor are responsible: cannot or will not take advantage of opportunities
  2. society is responsible: loss of jobs in inner cities eliminates opportunity
25
Q

what is the feminization of poverty?

A

the trend of women making up an increasing proportion of the poor

26
Q

what is the culture of poverty?

A

resignation leads to self-perpetuating cycle of poverty

27
Q

what is neoliberalism?

A

a political ideology that proposes to transfer government control and regulation into the hands of private actors

28
Q

what is the severity of poverty?

A

more severe in low-income than high-income countries because productivity is lowest where population growth is highest

29
Q

what is relative poverty?

A
  • people lack resources that others take for granted
  • exists in every society
30
Q

what is absolute poverty?

A
  • a lack of resources that is life-threatening
  • 1/2 of people in low-income countries experience poverty at this level
31
Q

what are the 6 types of slavery?

A
  1. descent-based slavery:1 person owns another
    2 . slavery imposed by state: government-imposed force labor for criminals
  2. child slavery
  3. debt bondage: employers hold workers to pay for their debts
  4. servile forms of marriage: married against their will
  5. human trafficking
32
Q

what are the reasons for global poverty?

A
  1. lack of technology
  2. population growth
  3. cultural patterns
  4. social stratification
  5. gender inequality
33
Q

what is ideology?

A

cultural beliefs that justify particular social arrangements, including patterns of inequality.

34
Q

what are capitalists?

A

people who own and operate factories and other businesses in pursuit of profits

35
Q

what are proletarian?

A

people who sell their labour for wages

36
Q

what is alienation?

A

the experience of isolation and misery resulting from powerlessness

37
Q

what are the blue-collar occupations?

A

lower-prestige jobs that involve manual labour

38
Q

what are white-collar occupations?

A

higher-prestige jobs that involve mental activity

39
Q

what is socio-economic status (SES)?

A

a composite ranking based on various dimensions of social inequality

40
Q

what is conspicuous consumption?

A

buying and using products because of the “statement” they make about social position

41
Q

what is relative property?

A

the lack of resources of some people in relation to those who have more

soci101 (7 decks)

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