Social Change And The Family Flashcards
Changes in settlement patterns from rural to urban areas
62% of Irish people live in urban regions this can be attributed to
technological developments with the agricultural industry causing fewer people to be required to work on rural farms
multinational companies attracted to urban areas due to a highly educated workforce and good infrastructure such as roads airports and Internet services causing individuals to move for new employment opportunities
A great array of services such as hospitals shops and banks that are easily accessible a
greater offering of amenities such as cinemas gyms playgrounds are easily accessible and offers a better social life and reduces the risk of isolation
A greater selection of educational opportunities
Impact on family life rural areas
The population occurs as young people leave to seek employment this leads to population imbalance imbalance older people left behind increasing feelings of social isolation
Services cut back due to lack of use schools and garden stations have had to close or amalgamate
Amenities are reduced due to declining numbers availing of them which causes social life to decline
Marriages and birthrights decline further Impax population imbalance
Less government funding into the developing world infrastructure less attractive option for multinational investors causing a cycle of unemployment to continue
Impact on family life urban areas
Greater provisions of services to accommodate rapid growth in population however overtime education and health services can become inadequate due to over population and increased demand
Amenities are more readily accessible due to high numbers availing of them this enhances social life
Employment opportunities are reduced due to over population higher competition for a smaller number of jobs which can lead to high rates of unemployment and an increase in social problems such as theft
Traffic congestion prevalent as roads are not sufficient to deal with ever increasing traffic for long distance commuters this can further decrease family time
Pollution car fumes noise pollution from construction is increased
Efforts made to halt or a vast population decline in rural areas
Rural resettlement program assist families to leave urban areas and Resettle permanently in Rural areas this has led to the survival of many rural communities and their amenities
all services such as advice on housing and furniture removal are provided free of charge to the families
Improved infrastructure infrastructure is central to rural economic prosperity as roads rail ports and broadband connections encourage business investment recent infrastructure improvements in rural areas include the opening of the M6 motorway between Dublin and Galway opening of the Irish rail train route between go away in Limerick these have helped attract foreign businesses to rural areas and in turn created jobs causing families to move and settle in these locations
Reduction in working hours and Increase in leisure time
The change to shorter working hours and increased availability of leisure time has come about due to European and Irish legislation ensuring employees work no more than 48 hours a week any extra time is viewed as overtime and must be paid accordingly
statutory entitlement to paid holidays of at least four weeks per year such as sick maternity and parental leave
Introduction of more flexible working hours such as Flexi time shift work part time work and job sharing
The economic recession which led to a reduction in working hours or employment as many businesses closed
Impact of reduction in working hours and increase in leisure time on family life
More quality time together as there is free time away from work
Reduce the stress among parents allows for relaxation which can benefit mental health and reduce the risk of depression
Participating in active leisure activities improve the families physical well-being
Reduced working hours or unemployment results in a drop in disposable income leading to a reduced standard of living which can cause financial stress and worry
Improvements in the provision of education
Freepost post primary education introduced in the 1960s every child in Ireland is entitled to free state run primary and post primary education
Free the development of transport systems particularly in rural areas provides transport for students who live far away from their school
Government investment in education for the upkeep of school equipment staffing and running costs
Increase resources in the area of special-needs education such as special-needs assistance and resource teachers
Leaving certificate applied and leaving certificate vocational programme aim to accommodate the varying learning styles and ability levels among students and to encourage them to remain in full-time education for longer
A greater range of third level courses an adult education courses to meet the demands of a skills based job market
Easier access to 3rd level education through the elimination of third level three is the provision of state financial assistance such as the student grant scheme and the provision of admission schemes such as the DARE scheme
Impact of improvements in the provision of education on family life
The provision of free education is made education accessible for all
increase resources available for students with special educational needs helps alleviate stress on families as they can insure that their child’s individual needs are catered for
New courses at second level for a range of abilities and learning styles enhance the student self-esteem causing them to achieve their full academic potential likely to obtain employment due to their educational qualifications
Adult and second chance education in Hance self-esteem and improve chances of obtaining work or an internal promotion which can lead to an improved standard of living for their family
Improvements in the provision of social welfare
Pensions such as non-contributory state pension
allowances such as disability allowance of fuel allowance
benefits such as child benefits
these payments help families with their day-to-day living expenses
The impact on family life due to the improvements in the provision of social welfare
Family may feel less financially responsible for certain family members such as older people and people with disability since the introduction of the social welfare payments
The provision of payments such as the state pension fuel and some medical cards helps alleviate financial hardship among older people and prevents older people feeling as if they are a burden on the family since they can maintain their independence
Child benefit helps families meet their child child’s needs and insures that their well-being is maintained in low income households they can help families from falling into poverty
Family income supplement and back-to-school clothing and footwear allowance helps alleviate financial hardship I’m on low income families as they can provide for the basic needs of their family
The one parent family payment helps alleviate financial hardship among one parent families as they can provide for the basic needs of their family
Changing attitudes to marriage
Women no longer see marriage as a means of securing the future as there are more educated and Establishing their own careers
Civil marriage ceremonies instead of religious ceremonies
Cohabitation becoming more common place
Divorce and separation becoming more socially acceptable People no longer remaining unhappy or abuse of marital relationships
The marriage act 2015 enabling same-sex marriage is to take place in Ireland
Changing attitude to marriage impact on family life
Divorce and separation lead to a breakdown in the traditional nuclear family unit and an increase in blended families as individuals are remarrying
Increase in one parent families due to marital breakdown and divorce
Increase in the number of children born outside marriage due to Cohabitating
Increase in same-sex marriages due to the introduction of the marriage act 2015 same-sex couples expanding their families by adoption in vitro fertilisation and surrogacy
Changing attitudes to Parenting and traditional roles within the family
In the past mothers were homemakers and fathers were breadwinners and upheld the parenting role of the disciplinarian
there’s been a move towards equal partnership which has led to integrated roles with parents taking joint responsibility for parenting discipline childcare and household tasks
households are dual income with both working parents
these changes have been acknowledged by the provision of parental leave and paternity leave the relevant parents
The impact of changing attitudes to parenting and traditional roles within the family on the family
Some household meant to stay at home to mind the children as women are the breadwinner is this enables children to create closer relationships with fathers than in previous decades
More democracy is evident between parents children also have been given a greater say in family matters
Egalitarian approach to childcare and household tasks children are exposed to gender equality
the provision of discipline and some family discipline can be too lenient this lack of parental control can increase social problems such as alcohol abuse among children as they have more freedom than is advisable
Dual income households can experience role conflict such as a parent who has to work for their child is ill this can cause parents to experience feelings of guilt
Roll overload can occur women in particular may struggle to find a balance between their careers and their responsibilities at home which can cause feelings of guilt if work duties begin to interfere with their roles as a parent
Both parents and some households are working outside the home children must spend more time in childcare reducing the amount of childcare bonding that occurs in families
Improved pay and working conditions
Pay and working conditions have improved greatly for all employees due to the introduction of
legislation governing working conditions minimum wage and employment equality in working hours
the establishment of trade unions to protect employees by seeking to improve working conditions and pay
