Social area Flashcards
Definition
Individuals behave differently in different situations depending on…? (2)
Therefore what two factors influence behaviour?
Individuals behave differently in different situations depending on their social roles and the perceived or actual presence of others.
People and the environment can influence behaviour
Concepts related to the social area (8)
Diffusion of responsibility Social learning theory Bystander effect Arousal cost reward model Simpatia- cultural differences in helping Effects of the 4 community variables Obedience to authority figures Whisting blowing
Strengths of the social area (3)
High ecological validity (field)
Standardised procedures
Practical applications
Weaknesses of te social area (3)
Socially sensitive
Ethical issues
Research can be out of date as social behaviour changes
How Milgram’s study links to the social area
What does the social area say that behaviour is influenced by?
Theme?
Link to Milgram- what was was to encourage obedience of participants? example? by who (seen as?) what was the aim of the encouragement?
% of participants who shocked up to 450 volts (out of how many participants?
what does this show?
The social area states that the presence of others influences behaviour. Many studies in this area investigate the key theme of responses to authority figures, which Milgram’s study focuses on. When participants appeared reluctant to carry on with the experiment, the experimenter (authority figure) would use prods such as ‘The experiment requires that you continue’ to encourage obedience so that participants would carry on administering electric shocks up to 450 volts. 65% out of the 40 participants administered shocks up to 450 volts which shows that social roles such as authority figures can influence behaviour
How Piliavins study links to the social area
What does the social area state that behaviour is influenced by?
Theme?
Link to Piliavin- victim? location on train carriage? seconds? Where were the observers? what did they do?
When was helping behaviour most shown?
stat ( on % of the ? trails of which the victim received help) how many helpers?
What does this show?
The social area states that the presence of others influences behaviour. Many studies in this area investigate the key theme of responses to people in need, which Piliavin’s study does. In Piliavin’s study the victim (cane or drunk) would stand in the adjacent area of a train carriage and collapse 70 seconds into the journey. The observers in the critical area recorded the time it took for the first helper to respond. Across all the trials, helping behaviour was most encouraged when there were more witnesses ( on 60% of the 81 trials in which the victim received help, he received help from more than one person).
This indicates that behaviour is influenced by others as the more helping behaviour was demonstrated, the more people were encouraged to do the same
How Boccihiaros study links to the social area
Which concept does it link to?
What influences behaviour?
Link to study? (what was found?
The social area states that behaviour is influenced by the presence of others. Many studies in this area investigate the key theme of responses to authority figures, which Bocchiaros study does. In their pilot study, 138 students were asked what they thought a typical student at their university would do if they were witnessing researchers promoting an unethical experiment in which only 18.8% would be obedient with the rest being disobedient or whistle blow. However after conducting the experiment with 149 students from the same university, 76.5% were obedient. Evidently, Bocchiaros study shows that the authority figures can lead to people being more obedient than they predict themselves to be.
How Levines study links to the social area
What does the social area state influence behaviour?
What key theme do most of the studies in the area investigate (same as levine)
Link to Levine: helping scenarios?
Carried out in how many countries? What were researchers trying to find out?
The social area states that behaviour is influenced by the presence of others. Many studies in the area investigate the key theme of responses to people in need, which Levines study focuses on.
In Levine’s study, the three helping scenarios were dropping a pen, having a hurt leg and dropping a pile of magazines, and a blind person wanting to cross a road.
The scenarios were conducted in 23 different countries as researchers want to investigate how differences in helping behaviour varied between countries
How concepts can be applied
What can managers wear? Why?
What could be placed in buildings? Why?
What should organisations have? Why?
Managers wear formal clothing to increase obedience
CCTV cameras to imply criminal activity will be detected
Organisations should have an app or any other way that anonymity is guaranteed to make whistling blowing easier
