Social approaches

Question 1

Community prevention - Summer splash schemes

Answer 1

Loxley et al 2002
£2 million government scheme for 13-17 year olds in deprived areas
105 schemes
summer is an increased time of youth offending

Question 2

Summer splash schemes - findings and recommendations

Answer 2

Findings
- targeted young people but not those at risk of offending
- youth crime does not increase dramatically over summer
- 2 out of 3 studied schemes had no impact on crime in the area
Recommendations
- schemes can have a significant impact in areas where there was little existing provision
- ask participants which activities they would like to do

Question 3

Head Start USA

Answer 3

• encourages role of parents as their child’s first and most important teachers - positive relationships, connections to the community
• health nutrition and social services

Question 4

Ashford 2007

Answer 4

early intervention is the best for successful intervention but it is under-invested

Question 5

Broken Windows Theory

Answer 5

Wilson and Kelling 1982

• crime escalates as the result of the perception of a broken community
• if a window is broken and left unrepaired, other windows in the building will get broken and it is a sign that no one cares
• there is a need to reassert community’s dominant force - community cohesion and police involvement

Question 6

Social Control Theory

Answer 6

Hirschi 1969

• people commit crime when social bonds and commitment to rules break down
• social bonds can be re-established if people engage through jobs and family
• reflected by the fact that most young offenders their offending decreases as they approach adulthood

Question 7

Community crime prevention

Answer 7

norms and attitudes of communities

focus on social influences - family, friends etc

Question 8

Developmental prevention

Answer 8

early intervention - pre-school, transition from primary to secondary and school to work
family and child-centred interventions - prevents delinquency

Question 9

Crawford and Evans 2012

Answer 9

social crime prevention centres on interventions that seek to affect and target social processes

Question 10

Troubled family programme

Answer 10

introduced after 2011 riots
targeted troubled families most at risk
believed that if educational attainment increased then offending would decrease
youth offending decreased by 33%

Question 11

Evaluation of social approaches

Answer 11

stigmatisation - targeting those at risk
universal vs targeted
make sure schemes are in areas where there are little schemes already to make a larger impact
ignores how we can change the environment to reduce opportunities for crime