Social and Political Philosophy

Question 1

What is the Social Contract Theory?

Answer 1

-The view that moral and/or political obligations are dependent upon an unwritten contract among rulers and subjects to form the society in which they live
-Details of this contract and maintenance were debated but laid the groundwork for modern social and political
philosophy

Question 2

Define egalitarianism.

Answer 2

• Favours equality for all people in legal, political, social and economic rights
• Egalitarians believe all should be given equal access to social benefits like money, education, housing, healthcare, employment, and political influence
• Believe greater economic equality will benefit society’s violence and social tension
• Also promote equality regardless of race, religion, cultural background, age, sex or sexual orientation

Question 3

Describe John Locke’s views.

Answer 3

• believed that all people have the right to own property

- power is justified if it protects and defends natural rights

Question 4

Describe Plato’s views on government.

Answer 4

• power is justified if the “best” people are chosen to rule

- Theory of Philosopher Kings - group of specially trained people as guardians of the state

Question 5

Describe Aristotle’s views on government.

Answer 5

-power is justified based on how well it incorporates the best features of the 3 kinds of governments: monarchy, democracy and aristocracy

Question 6

Describe Thomas Hobbe’s views

Answer 6

-power must maintain peace and ensure a fear-free life, only the government should be allowed to deter with crime with fear

Question 7

Describe David Hume’s views

Answer 7

• believed that the gov’nt is needed because without authority the strong would prey on the weak
• however, individuals should have a part in shaping the social contract with the gov’nt