Social and economic issues associated with urbanisation:

Question 1

Economic inequality within Mumbai:

Answer 1

• Around 60% of population lives in Slums
• Homes are cramped with poor sanitation and severe risk to health
• House prices within Mumbai are expensive which exacerbates economic inequalities.
• Those that sift through rubbish on average earn £1 a day in the slums.

Whereas the rich for example Dharavi Antillia house a $2 billion house right next to the slums, has 27 stories.

Question 2

Social segregation within Mumbai:

Answer 2

Gated communities from the rich exacerbate social segregation, due to fortress developments e.g Whereas the rich for example Dharavi Antillia house a $2 billion house right next to the slums, has 27 stories.

Religious segregation between muslim and non-muslim areas.

Question 3

Issues associated with cultural diversity within Mumbai:

Answer 3

• Each day 1000 new migrants enter Mumbai
• Religious conflicts between the Muslims and the Hindus

Question 4

Strategies to manage these issues:

Answer 4

Dharavi slum redevelopment project: Slum residents who provide residency since 2000 will be provided with a flat for free: took people away from jobs, isolated, social segregation. Tried to reduce economic segregation but just exacerbated it.

Economic: Improved education within the slums, affordable housing and investing into basics within the slums e.g water food and electricity. Improved transport links so greater access for jobs.

Social/cultural - Mixed income housing helps to bridge the gap between more affluent and LI areas.

Clean-up Mumbai campaign:
Cleaning up the streets by clearing litter and educating local residents and shopkeepers about how to recycle and dispose of waste to limit environmental damage

Question 5

Economic inequalities within London:

Answer 5

• Gap has widened since 1980s
• Average annual income in Kensington and Chelsea is £130,000 but in Newham it is around £35,000.
• More than 25% of London lives in poverty.

Question 6

Social segregation within London:

Answer 6

Many inner city areas such as Notting Hill have been gentrified which has led to social segregation.

• Social segregation is also based on age and class, residents of London may feel isolated as they have less interaction with people of different classes and ages.

Question 7

Issues with culturally diverse London:

Answer 7

• Hate crime based on race and religion is a big problem in London. e.g in the 12 months prior to July 2015 there were over 800 anti-muslim incidents in the city.

Question 8

Strategies to manage these issues: London

Answer 8

Economic:
- The London living wage is higher than national minimum wage e.g in 2016 was £9.75 whereas national was £8.45

Social:
- London Mayor Sadiq Khan has plans to build more affordable homes which would allow less affluent people to remain in more expensive areas, reducing ss

Cultural:
- Police
- Charities are calling for better English Language classes for immigrants and mentoring schemes, to improve integration between groups.