Social and cultural developments

Question 1

why was their a changing attitude towards entertainment?

Answer 1

-shorter working week
-labour saving devices
-higher wages

so more time and money to spend on entertainment

Question 2

how had the working week changed in the 1920s?

Answer 2

the average working week decreased from 47.4 hours to 44.2 hours

Question 3

how had wages changed in the 1920s?

Answer 3

wages had increased by 11%

Question 4

what was the first radio station in the world?where and when was it first aired?

Answer 4

station KDKA aired in the second of November 1920 in Pittsburgh

Question 5

how many radio stations were there by 1922?

Answer 5

508

Question 6

why did most families have a radio?

Answer 6

-due to hire purchase schemes and mass production most families had access to radios

Question 7

how many radios were there per three families?

Answer 7

2

Question 8

how had the sale of radios changed from 1919 to 1929?

Answer 8

10 million sold by 1929 compared to the 60,000 sold in 1919

Question 9

how much was the NBC making?

Answer 9

$150 million

Question 10

why is radio important?

Answer 10

-gave people access to new forms of entertainment(popularised other entertainment)
-it became national habit to tune into the radio

Question 11

who jazz brought to cities?

Answer 11

African American communities brought jazz to big northern cities from the south while looking for work

Question 12

who did jazz appeal to?

Answer 12

jazz appealed to both black and white communities especially teenagers

Question 13

what places played jazz music?

Answer 13

bars,dancehalls,nightclubs and speakeasies played jazz

Question 14

who were famous jazz musicians?

Answer 14

Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington,Bessie Smith,Fats Waller and Bennie Goodman

Question 15

what dance styles were inspired Jazz music?

Answer 15

dance styles such as the Charleston was created.
other dances include the One Step,the Tango and the Black Bottoms

Question 16

how had the style of dance changed?

Answer 16

the fast paced style of the Charleston was very different to long formal dances like the Victorian Waltz

Question 17

what were the reactions of the older generation to jazz?

Answer 17

felt that jazz was a corruption influence on the young due to its frequent association with flappers and African Americans. it was even outlawed in some dancehalls because it was viewed as scandalous

Question 18

when was the Charleston first performed and where?

Answer 18

first performed in 1903 in Harlem New York

Question 19

how did the jazz musicians make money in the 1920s?

Answer 19

through record sales,radio performances and nightclubs

Question 20

what were famous sports?

Answer 20

-baseball
-boxing
-golf

Question 21

what were famous baseball teams?

Answer 21

the New York Yankees
The Boston Red Sox

Question 22

who was the most famous baseball player?

Answer 22

Babe Ruth from the New York Yankees

Question 23

why was Babe Ruth a national hero?

Answer 23

after his home run record (which lasted up until 1961)he was considered a national hero

Question 24

how much did Babe Ruth make a year by 1930?

Answer 24

by 1930, Babe Ruth earned $80000($7 million) a year

Question 25

who enjoyed baseball(sport)?

Answer 25

most people enjoyed sport regardless of race or class. Notable baseball fans include Al Capone

Question 26

how many people listened to the boxing match between Jack Dempsy and Gene Tunney?

Answer 26

60 million radio listeners

Question 27

when was the boxing match between Jack Dempsy and Gene Tunney?

Answer 27

1927

Question 28

how did radio help the sporting industry?

Answer 28

radio broadcasts brought attention to sport and brought in a massive audience eg.boxing match between Jack Dempsy and Gene Tunney helped popularise sport thousands began to pay to watch sport sport became profitable business

Question 29

who was Bobby Jones?

Answer 29

famous golf player who won the 1926,1927 and 1930 British opens also won four US open titles

Question 30

how did the movie audiences change through the 1920s?

Answer 30

35 million a week in 1919 to 100 million a week by 1930

Question 31

what was the star system?

Answer 31

a system which promoted not just the films but also the actors

Question 32

how were actors promoted?

Answer 32

-magazine interviews -radio interviews

Question 33

how did the star system help the success of the movie industry?

Answer 33

attracted fans as they were able to have a deeper connection with the actors on screen producers realised that once people created a connection with the actors and became their fans, they would be willing to pay for whatever movie with them in it -boosted ticket sales

Question 34

who were same famous actors?

Answer 34

Clara Bow,Charlie Chaplin and Rudolf Valentino

Question 35

how much was Charlie Chaplin making?

Answer 35

1,500 per week

Question 36

how many films did Hollywood produce by 1929?

Answer 36

500 films a year

Question 37

when were talkies released?

Answer 37

1927

Question 38

what was the first talkie?

Answer 38

the jazz singer

Question 39

what were the limitations of talkies?

Answer 39

ruined some careers as some actors may have looked great but they have had ‘unusual’ voices or accents which were deemed unpopular by the industry

Question 40

why was the Hays Code introduced?

Answer 40

the older Americans were fearful of the corruption of youth because of movies so Hollywood introduced the Hays Code to prove movies were being regulated

Question 41

what did the Hays Code entail?

Answer 41

limited on screen kissing to 3 seconds banned nudity prevented characters from profiting from crime

Question 42

how did the film industry become multi-billion dollar industry?

Answer 42

-star system -popularisation due to the radio

Question 43

how were the lives of upper and middle class women before WW1?[6]

Answer 43

women were restricted 1. mid and upper class women had to wear modest clothes eg.long skirt 2. none to little makeup 3. couldn’t play energetic sports 4. relationships with men were strictly controlled eg. they had to be chaperoned when out with a man 5. had to be well-mannered so couldn’t smoke 6. women couldn’t vote in all states

Question 44

how did women’s lives change after the ww1?[4]

Answer 44

1. change to attitudes around appearance and behaviour 2. changing attitudes to female politics 3. changing role of women at work 4. changing attitudes towards sexual purity and marriage

Question 45

how were the lives of poorer , working women before the war?

Answer 45

working women had to settle for low paying jobs such as cleaning

Question 46

how did the war change the lives of women?

Answer 46

1. women earned money which gave them independence and less reliance on the husband 2. the 18th amendment was ratified in 1920 so women earned the right to vote partly die to their hard-work 3. women shared the liberating effects of the car and labour saving devices

Question 47

why did the war change the lives of women?

Answer 47

when the USA joined the war in 1917, large numbers of men joined the cause so women had to take over their jobs so women gained work experience

Question 48

how many working women were there by 1929?

Answer 48

by 1929 there were 10.5 million working women which was a 25% increase since 1920

Question 49

in what ways did women become more independent?[3]

Answer 49

1. lived on their own 2. left unhappy marriages so divorce rates doubled during the 1920s 3. fewer restrictions so some women began behaving and dressing differently

Question 50

how did divorce rates change during 1920s?

Answer 50

divorce rates doubled

Question 51

how dod sexual purity change from 1900 to 1920?

Answer 51

in a 1900 survey, 80% of college students had not had sex before marriage but but by 1920 only 31% had not had sex before marriage

Question 52

what were flappers?

Answer 52

flappers were fashionable, usually middle class , urban women who became independent after the war

Question 53

what was different about a flapper compared to other women before the war?[5]

Answer 53

1. flappers wore more revealing clothes such as short dresses 2. they went on dates without a chaperone and even went to nightclubs with men 3. they smoked in public 4. wore makeup 5. bobbed hair as a sign of liberation

Question 55

what were the reactions to flappers?why were the reactions like this?

Answer 55

traditional, predominantly christian and rural Americans were shocked by the immorality of flappers. They felt that flappers threatened religion and traditional values

Question 56

what did traditional Americans form in response to flappers?

Answer 56

the Anti-Flirt league

Question 57

how did the traditional,Christian President of Florida university react to flappers?

Answer 57

he stated that the short skirts of flappers were “born of the devil”

Question 58

what were the limitations of the changing role of women?[3]

Answer 58

1. flappers were middle class women in urban areas(so mainly the north) so for the vast majority of women (who raised families and were restricted to traditional Church values) life was still the same as it had been pre-war 2. still gender inequality in the work place as women were payed less 3. women were still unequal politically as female candidates were considered “unelectable” despite how much political parties wanted women to vote for them

Question 59

who was a famous flapper?

Answer 59

Clara Bow