Social 20-2 Final Exam Flashcards
Nation-state
A country that has physical borders and a single government that makes laws and conducts business on behalf of its citizens. Nation-states may be based on ethnic nationalism or civic nationalism or a combination of the two.
Nation
An idea that means different things to different people. Some people think of a nation as a country with physical territory and a government. Others think a nation is people who share a sense of belonging together and who want to control their own destiny.
Nationalism
identification with one’s own nation and support for its interest, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interest of other nations.
Sovereignty
The political authority to control one’s own affairs. Sovereignty may be different from, and can sometimes conflict with, self-determination, which is a people’s right to control their own affairs.
Constitution
A legal document that lays out the basic rules on which a society is built. A constitution contains the core laws that define a country and how it will be governed.
Collective Consciousness
An awareness,or internal consciousness, shared by many people. It may be based on a shared memory of and pride in specific events, which becomes myths and symbols of belonging.
Multiculturalism
A belief, doctrine, or policy that embraces the idea of ethnic or cultural diversity and promotes a culturally pluralistic society
Alienation
A feeling of being left out or on the outside. People who choose one strong loyalty over another may feel alienated from an important part of their identity and may not share in the collective consciousness of their group.
Land Claims
An Aboriginal people’s claim to the right to control the land where they traditionally lived. Some Abroginal peoples view the use and control of land, which they consider sacred, as the source of their most intense conflicts with non-Abriginal people.
Reconciliation
An act of resolving differences and repairing relationships. Reconciliation helps bring people together so they can live in peace.
Pluralism
A belief or doctrine that a society should reflect an inclusive approach that encourages diversity. It assumes that diversity is beneficial and that diverse groups, whether these are cultural, religious, spiritual, ideological, gender, linguistic, environmental, or philosophical, should enjoy autonomy.
Multiculturalism
A belief, doctrine, or policy that embraces the idea of ethnic or cultural diversity and promotes a culturally pluralistic society.
Ultranationalism
An extreme form of nationalism. Ultranationalists are often fanatically loyal to their own nation and hostile toward other nations.
Propaganda
Information and ideas that are spread to achieve a specific goal. Extreme nationalist may use misleading and dishonest information to create fear and insecurity and to persuade people to behave in certain ways.
Holocaust
The English term used to describe the genocide of about six million Jews by the Nazis during World War II.
Genocide
The killing of members of a national, ethnic, racial, or religous group; caousing serious bodliy or mental harm to members of the group; and deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life that will bring about it physical destruction.
Internationalism
The belief that all members of the global community accept collective responsibility for the challenges that face the world and that motivates nations and nation states must be represpected when searching for solutions.
Supranationalism
A policy by which countries agree to abide by the decisions of an international organization made up of independent appointed officials or representatives elected member countries. The European union is often considered an example of a supranational organization.
Isolationism
A policy of staying completely out of world affairs. An isolationist country does not participate in international social, economic, political, and military affairs.
Multilateralism
A policy that involves several countries in working together to meet challenges and solve problems. The United Nations is multilateral in nature.
Bilateralism
Agreements between two countries to work toward resolving issues that concern both countries.
Unilateralism
A policy of a country’s acting on its own without agreements with, or support from other countries.
Peacekeeping
Allowing armed forces sent by the United Nation or other international organization to resolve conflict by using force for reasons other than self-defence.
