Social 10-1 Flashcards by Jordan Moench

A process that occurs when people from different cultures come into contact and accept and create space for one another. The customs, traditions, technologies, beliefs and languages of both cultures may be affected.

accommodation

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The cultural changes that occur when two

cultures accommodate, or adapt to, each other’s worldviews.

acculturation

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An Afrikaans word that refers to a policy of segregating and discriminating against non-whites in South Africa.

apartheid

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A process that occurs when the culture of
a minority group is absorbed by another culture. The
cultural identity of the minority group disappears as its
members take on the identity of the other culture.

assimilation

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People’s basic physical needs include food,
clothing, shelter, and water, but they also have social
needs, such as family and friends, and emotional needs,
such as a sense of belonging and being loved.

basic needs

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Variety in plant and animal species.

biodiversity

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Oil that is obtained through violence and

bloodshed.

blood oil

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An environmentally sensitive sub-Arctic
region that consists of mostly coniferous trees, such as
spruce, fir, and pine.

boreal forest

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An economic system that advocates free
trade, competition, and choice as a means of achieving
prosperity

capitalism

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A sector of society made up of nongovernment
and non-business groups. Civil society
includes community groups, non-governmental
organizations, faith-based groups, and universities

civil society

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A group to which a person belongs and

identifies with.

collective

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An economic and political system whose
purpose is to eliminate class distinctions. Everyone would
work for the benefit of all and would receive help as he or
she needs it.

communism

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To find similarities and differences.

compare

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The emotional associations people attach

to a word or phrase.

connotation

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General agreement.

consensus

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The transporting of goods in standardized

shipping containers.

containerization

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Circumstances or surroundings.

context

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To find differences between or among things or

ideas

contrast

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Communication that

occurs among people of different cultures.

cross-cultural communication

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Laws passed by a government to
prevents a group’s cultural identity — including its artists,
performers, songs, movies, and literature — from being
overwhelmed by the media of a more dominant culture.

cultural content laws

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Variety in cultures and identities.

cultural diversity

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A society that is made up of many

distinct cultural groups.

cultural mosaic

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The idea that a variety of peoples
are free to affirm and promote their customs, traditions,
beliefs, and language within a society

cultural pluralism

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The process of affirming and
promoting people’s individual and collective cultural
identity

cultural revitalization

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The reduction in or loss of | industries.

deindustrialization

The dictionary meaning of a word or phrase.

denotation

A reduction in population caused by | natural or human-made forces.

depopulation

The gap that separates people who do and do not have access to up-to-date digital technology.

digital divide

The area of the earth’s surface necessary to sustain the level of resources a person uses and the waste she or he creates.

ecological footprint

A period of low economic activity | accompanied by high levels of unemployment.

economic depression

The spread of trade, transportation, and communication systems around the world in the interests or promoting worldwide commerce.

economic globalization

Savings that are achieved by | producing, using, and buying things in large quantities.

economies of scale

A noun meaning “result” or a verb meaning | “brought about” or “caused.”

effect

A label assigned during World War I and World War II to people from countries that were at war with Canada. The rights of enemy aliens were sometimes restricted, and some were even interned in camps.

enemy ailen

A word that combines “ethnic” and “centre.” It refers to a way of thinking that centres on one’s own race and culture. Ethnocentric people believe that their worldview is the only valid one.

ethnocentrism

A form of ethnocentrism that uses European ethnic, national, religious, and linguistic criteria to judge other peoples and their cultures.

Eurocentrism

A flag flown by ships when they are registered in a country that is not the country of their owner.

flag of convenience

Money, supplies, and other goods, as well as | expertise, given by one country to another.

foreign aid

The trade that occurs when two or more countries eliminate tariffs and taxes on the goods and services they trade with one another.

free trade

Community courts established in Rwanda to try low-level officials and ordinary people accused of taking part in the Rwandan genocide. The purpose of these courts was to speed up the process of bringing to justice those who had participated in the genocide and to encourage reconciliation.

gacaca courts

The social, economic, and political | differences that separate men and women.

gender gap

Agreement that occurs when most, | or even all, members of a group agree.

general consensus

The mass killing of human beings, especially a | targeted group of people.

genocide

A system that measures | the sustainability, well-being, and quality of life of a country and its people.

genuine progress index (GPI)

Small but steady changes in | average temperatures around the world.

global climate change

A trading process that began when Christopher Columbus brought seeds, fruit trees, and livestock to the Americas, where they were cultivated and became staples. In return, native North American species were exported to Europe. This exchange expanded to include different countries and products around the world.

grand exchange

The value of all the goods and services a country produces in a year. GDP is often used to measure the strength of a country’s economy.

gross domestic product (GDP)

The amount of money | earned by everyone in a country.

gross national income (GNI)

A period that is often identified as beginning in 1492, when Christopher Columbus made his first voyage to the Caribbean, and ending after World War II, when the United States and the Soviet Union emerged as superpowers.

historical globalization

The erasing of differences. When this term is applied to people, it often refers to the erasing of cultural differences so that peoples become more and more similar.

homogenization

A crime that occurs when people seeking a better life in a new country are preyed on by criminal organizations that help them immigrate illegally, then force them to work in substandard conditions or in criminal activities

human trafficking

The combining of elements of two or | more different things to create something new

hybridization

One country’s domination over another | country’s economic, political, and cultural institutions.

imperialism

Referring to rights that cannot be taken | away or transferred.

inalienable

First passed by the Canadian Parliament in 1876 and amended several times since then, this act continues to define who is — and is not — a status Indian. Early versions of the act banned some traditional practices of First Nations cultures and allowed only those who renounced Indian status to vote in federal elections.

Indian Act

The period between about 1750 and 1850, when work became mechanized and began to occur in factories. The Industrial Revolution brought about dramatic economic, social, and cultural change.

Industrial Revolution

The gap between people’s need for new and innovative solutions to problems and their ability to supply those solutions

ingeunity gap

Businesses and individuals who use research, education, new ideas, and information technologies for practical purposes.

knowledge economy

Measures that protect workers.

labour standards

Something that has been passed on by those who | lived in the past.

legacy

An economy in which government regulations are reduced to a minimum and businesses are free to make their own decisions.

market economy

The gathering of ownership of newspapers and other media in the hands of a few large corporations.

media concentration

The use of electronic technology to integrate media such as newspapers, books, TV, and the Internet.

media convergence

A policy followed by European imperial powers from the 16th to the 19th century. In colonies, trade was strictly controlled to benefit the economy of the imperial power.

mercantilism

An official Canadian government policy founded on the idea that Canadian society is pluralistic — made of many culturally distinct groups who are free to affirm and promote their own cultural identity.

multiculturalism

An organization established by groups of people to work toward specific goals and to gain public support in achieving these goals. NGOs depend on volunteer workers and donations, but they may also receive grants or contracts from governments. They may influence government policies at national and international levels.

non-governmental organization (NGO)

A business strategy that involves reducing costs by using suppliers of products and services in countries where labour is cheaper and government regulation may be less strict.

outsourcing

Drawing a conclusion based on too | little information.

overgeneralizing

An epidemic that spreads around the world and poses a serious threat because of people’s ability to travel farther and faster than ever before.

pandemic

A short form for “popular culture,” which is the culture of the people. This term often refers to current cultural trends that are spread by commercial mass media.

pop culture

The selling of a public service, such as | electricity delivery or health care, to a private company so that the service is no longer owned by the government.

privatization

Ideas and information spread for the | purpose of achieving a specific goal.

propaganda

A period of intense social, political, and economic change in Québec. During this period, which lasted from about 1960 to 1966, Québécois began to assert their rights and affirm and promote their language and culture.

Quiet Revolution

The act of making amends for wrongdoing. Reparations may include payments made by a defeated enemy to countries whose territory was damaged during a war.

reparations

Boarding schools where First Nations children were gathered to live, work, and study. These schools were operated or subsidized by the Canadian government as an important element of the government’s assimilation policy. The last residential school closed in 1996.

residential schools

Someone to whom others look as an | example to emulate.

role model

An agreement that involves most | people in a group.

rough consensus

A penalty. Often an economic penalty, such as a trade boycott, taken to pressure a government to agree to carry out certain actions or follow certain rules

sanction

A First Nations person who is registered according to the provisions of the Indian Act and is therefore eligible to receive specific benefits.

status Indian

Placing people in categories according to preconceived beliefs about how members of a particular group think or behave.

stereotyping

Accepting responsibility for ensuring that the earth’s resources remain sustainable.

stewardship

To provide the basic necessities needed to support life

sustain

The degree to which Earth is able to provide the resources necessary to meet people’s needs.

sustainability

Development that meets people’s needs in the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs

sustainable development

Practising stewardship of the environment and resources so that future generations are able to achieve prosperity

sustainable prosperity

A process that involves countries in reducing or removing trade barriers, such as tariffs and quotas, so goods and services can move around the world more freely

trade liberalization

A company that is based in one country while developing and manufacturing its products, or delivering its goods and services, in more than one country. Also called a multinational corporation.

transnational corporation (TNC), or multinational corporation

The spread of culture, trends, customs, and practices around the world.

universalization

A community made up of people who may never have met in person but who interact via the Internet in chat rooms and blogs, through instant messaging, or through social networking sites.

virtual community

Social 10-1 Flashcards

(89 cards)