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Social 10-1 > Social 10-1 > Flashcards

Social 10-1 Flashcards

1
Q

A process that occurs when people from different cultures come into contact and accept and create space for one another. The customs, traditions, technologies, beliefs and languages of both cultures may be affected.

A

accommodation

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2
Q

The cultural changes that occur when two

cultures accommodate, or adapt to, each other’s worldviews.

A

acculturation

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3
Q

An Afrikaans word that refers to a policy of segregating and discriminating against non-whites in South Africa.

A

apartheid

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4
Q

A process that occurs when the culture of
a minority group is absorbed by another culture. The
cultural identity of the minority group disappears as its
members take on the identity of the other culture.

A

assimilation

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5
Q

People’s basic physical needs include food,
clothing, shelter, and water, but they also have social
needs, such as family and friends, and emotional needs,
such as a sense of belonging and being loved.

A

basic needs

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6
Q

Variety in plant and animal species.

A

biodiversity

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7
Q

Oil that is obtained through violence and

bloodshed.

A

blood oil

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8
Q

An environmentally sensitive sub-Arctic
region that consists of mostly coniferous trees, such as
spruce, fir, and pine.

A

boreal forest

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9
Q

An economic system that advocates free
trade, competition, and choice as a means of achieving
prosperity

A

capitalism

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10
Q

A sector of society made up of nongovernment
and non-business groups. Civil society
includes community groups, non-governmental
organizations, faith-based groups, and universities

A

civil society

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11
Q

A group to which a person belongs and

identifies with.

A

collective

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12
Q

An economic and political system whose
purpose is to eliminate class distinctions. Everyone would
work for the benefit of all and would receive help as he or
she needs it.

A

communism

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13
Q

To find similarities and differences.

A

compare

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14
Q

The emotional associations people attach

to a word or phrase.

A

connotation

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15
Q

General agreement.

A

consensus

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16
Q

The transporting of goods in standardized

shipping containers.

A

containerization

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17
Q

Circumstances or surroundings.

A

context

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18
Q

To find differences between or among things or

ideas

A

contrast

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19
Q

Communication that

occurs among people of different cultures.

A

cross-cultural communication

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20
Q

Laws passed by a government to
prevents a group’s cultural identity — including its artists,
performers, songs, movies, and literature — from being
overwhelmed by the media of a more dominant culture.

A

cultural content laws

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21
Q

Variety in cultures and identities.

A

cultural diversity

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22
Q

A society that is made up of many

distinct cultural groups.

A

cultural mosaic

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23
Q

The idea that a variety of peoples
are free to affirm and promote their customs, traditions,
beliefs, and language within a society

A

cultural pluralism

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24
Q

The process of affirming and
promoting people’s individual and collective cultural
identity

A

cultural revitalization

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25
Q

The reduction in or loss of

industries.

A

deindustrialization

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26
Q

The dictionary meaning of a word or phrase.

A

denotation

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27
Q

A reduction in population caused by

natural or human-made forces.

A

depopulation

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28
Q

The gap that separates people who do and do not have access to up-to-date digital technology.

A

digital divide

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29
Q

The area of the earth’s surface
necessary to sustain the level of resources a person uses
and the waste she or he creates.

A

ecological footprint

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30
Q

A period of low economic activity

accompanied by high levels of unemployment.

A

economic depression

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31
Q

The spread of trade,
transportation, and communication systems around the
world in the interests or promoting worldwide commerce.

A

economic globalization

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32
Q

Savings that are achieved by

producing, using, and buying things in large quantities.

A

economies of scale

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33
Q

A noun meaning “result” or a verb meaning

“brought about” or “caused.”

A

effect

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34
Q

A label assigned during World War I and
World War II to people from countries that were at war
with Canada. The rights of enemy aliens were sometimes
restricted, and some were even interned in camps.

A

enemy ailen

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35
Q

A word that combines “ethnic” and
“centre.” It refers to a way of thinking that centres on
one’s own race and culture. Ethnocentric people believe
that their worldview is the only valid one.

A

ethnocentrism

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36
Q

A form of ethnocentrism that uses
European ethnic, national, religious, and linguistic
criteria to judge other peoples and their cultures.

A

Eurocentrism

37
Q

A flag flown by ships when they are
registered in a country that is not the country of their
owner.

A

flag of convenience

38
Q

Money, supplies, and other goods, as well as

expertise, given by one country to another.

A

foreign aid

39
Q

The trade that occurs when two or more
countries eliminate tariffs and taxes on the goods and
services they trade with one another.

A

free trade

40
Q

Community courts established in Rwanda
to try low-level officials and ordinary people accused of
taking part in the Rwandan genocide. The purpose of
these courts was to speed up the process of bringing to
justice those who had participated in the genocide and to
encourage reconciliation.

A

gacaca courts

41
Q

The social, economic, and political

differences that separate men and women.

A

gender gap

42
Q

Agreement that occurs when most,

or even all, members of a group agree.

A

general consensus

43
Q

The mass killing of human beings, especially a

targeted group of people.

A

genocide

44
Q

A system that measures

the sustainability, well-being, and quality of life of a country and its people.

A

genuine progress index (GPI)

45
Q

Small but steady changes in

average temperatures around the world.

A

global climate change

46
Q

A trading process that began when
Christopher Columbus brought seeds, fruit trees, and
livestock to the Americas, where they were cultivated and
became staples. In return, native North American species
were exported to Europe. This exchange expanded to
include different countries and products around the world.

A

grand exchange

47
Q

The value of all the
goods and services a country produces in a year. GDP is
often used to measure the strength of a country’s economy.

A

gross domestic product (GDP)

48
Q

The amount of money

earned by everyone in a country.

A

gross national income (GNI)

49
Q

A period that is often identified
as beginning in 1492, when Christopher Columbus
made his first voyage to the Caribbean, and ending after
World War II, when the United States and the Soviet
Union emerged as superpowers.

A

historical globalization

50
Q

The erasing of differences. When this
term is applied to people, it often refers to the erasing
of cultural differences so that peoples become more and
more similar.

A

homogenization

51
Q

A crime that occurs when people
seeking a better life in a new country are preyed on by
criminal organizations that help them immigrate illegally,
then force them to work in substandard conditions or in
criminal activities

A

human trafficking

52
Q

The combining of elements of two or

more different things to create something new

A

hybridization

53
Q

One country’s domination over another

country’s economic, political, and cultural institutions.

A

imperialism

54
Q

Referring to rights that cannot be taken

away or transferred.

A

inalienable

55
Q

First passed by the Canadian Parliament
in 1876 and amended several times since then, this act
continues to define who is — and is not — a status
Indian. Early versions of the act banned some traditional
practices of First Nations cultures and allowed only those
who renounced Indian status to vote in federal elections.

A

Indian Act

56
Q

The period between about 1750
and 1850, when work became mechanized and began
to occur in factories. The Industrial Revolution brought
about dramatic economic, social, and cultural change.

A

Industrial Revolution

57
Q

The gap between people’s need for new
and innovative solutions to problems and their ability to
supply those solutions

A

ingeunity gap

58
Q

Businesses and individuals who
use research, education, new ideas, and information
technologies for practical purposes.

A

knowledge economy

59
Q

Measures that protect workers.

A

labour standards

60
Q

Something that has been passed on by those who

lived in the past.

A

legacy

61
Q

An economy in which government
regulations are reduced to a minimum and businesses are
free to make their own decisions.

A

market economy

62
Q

The gathering of ownership of
newspapers and other media in the hands of a few large
corporations.

A

media concentration

63
Q

The use of electronic technology to
integrate media such as newspapers, books, TV, and the
Internet.

A

media convergence

64
Q

A policy followed by European imperial
powers from the 16th to the 19th century. In colonies, trade was strictly controlled to benefit the economy of the imperial power.

A

mercantilism

65
Q

An official Canadian government
policy founded on the idea that Canadian society is
pluralistic — made of many culturally distinct groups
who are free to affirm and promote their own cultural
identity.

A

multiculturalism

66
Q

An
organization established by groups of people to work
toward specific goals and to gain public support in
achieving these goals. NGOs depend on volunteer workers and donations, but they may also receive grants
or contracts from governments. They may influence
government policies at national and international levels.

A

non-governmental organization (NGO)

67
Q

A business strategy that involves reducing
costs by using suppliers of products and services in
countries where labour is cheaper and government
regulation may be less strict.

A

outsourcing

68
Q

Drawing a conclusion based on too

little information.

A

overgeneralizing

69
Q

An epidemic that spreads around the world
and poses a serious threat because of people’s ability to
travel farther and faster than ever before.

A

pandemic

70
Q

A short form for “popular culture,” which is
the culture of the people. This term often refers to current
cultural trends that are spread by commercial mass media.

A

pop culture

71
Q

The selling of a public service, such as

electricity delivery or health care, to a private company so that the service is no longer owned by the government.

A

privatization

72
Q

Ideas and information spread for the

purpose of achieving a specific goal.

A

propaganda

73
Q

A period of intense social, political,
and economic change in Québec. During this period, which lasted from about 1960 to 1966, Québécois
began to assert their rights and affirm and promote their language and culture.

A

Quiet Revolution

74
Q

The act of making amends for wrongdoing. Reparations may include payments made by a defeated
enemy to countries whose territory was damaged during a war.

A

reparations

75
Q

Boarding schools where First Nations children were gathered to live, work, and study. These schools were operated or subsidized by the
Canadian government as an important element of the government’s assimilation policy. The last residential school closed in 1996.

A

residential schools

76
Q

Someone to whom others look as an

example to emulate.

A

role model

77
Q

An agreement that involves most

people in a group.

A

rough consensus

78
Q

A penalty. Often an economic penalty, such as a trade boycott, taken to pressure a government to agree
to carry out certain actions or follow certain rules

A

sanction

79
Q

A First Nations person who is registered
according to the provisions of the Indian Act and is
therefore eligible to receive specific benefits.

A

status Indian

80
Q

Placing people in categories according to preconceived beliefs about how members of a particular group think or behave.

A

stereotyping

81
Q

Accepting responsibility for ensuring that the earth’s resources remain sustainable.

A

stewardship

82
Q

To provide the basic necessities needed to support life

A

sustain

83
Q

The degree to which Earth is able to provide the resources necessary to meet people’s needs.

A

sustainability

84
Q

Development that meets
people’s needs in the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their needs

A

sustainable development

85
Q

Practising stewardship of the environment and resources so that future generations are able to achieve prosperity

A

sustainable prosperity

86
Q

A process that involves countries in reducing or removing trade barriers, such as tariffs and quotas, so goods and services can move around the world more freely

A

trade liberalization

87
Q

A company that is based in one country while developing and manufacturing its products, or delivering its goods and services, in more than
one country. Also called a multinational corporation.

A

transnational corporation (TNC), or multinational corporation

88
Q

The spread of culture, trends, customs, and practices around the world.

A

universalization

89
Q

A community made up of people who may never have met in person but who interact via the Internet in chat rooms and blogs, through instant messaging, or through social networking sites.

A

virtual community

Social 10-1 (1 decks)

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