Social 10-1 Flashcards
the idea that countries of the world are becoming more interdependent and that issues facing one nation are likely to have an impact on others
globalization
the spread of trade, transportation, and communication systems around the world in the interests of promoting worldwide commerce
e.g.: multinational corporations, G7, World Trade Organization
economic globalization
countries coming together to find solutions to problems facing the world e.g.: United Nations, European Union, NATO …
political globalization
the process by which people’s lifestyles (culture) is spread over global networks
social globalization
a policy or spirit of cooperation and mutual understanding between countries
• a willingness to understand and respect the concerns, attitudes, and ways of life of other countries
• putting global priorities ahead of national priorities
internationalism
focusing on the concerns of a nation and putting national interests ahead of global interests
nationalism
a government policy based on the belief that national interests are best served by avoiding economic and political alliances with other countries
isolationism
of a particular culture or origin; relating to a person or to a large group of people who share a national, racial, linguistic, or religious heritage, whether or not they reside in their countries of origin
ethnicity
everything characterizing the way we live and which we share as a group
- language
- our values and beliefs
- how we organize our society — groups, laws and rules
- things we do — customs, behaviour, sports, work, education
- what we create — technology, music, literature, art, etc.
culture
features that make you unique and set you apart from others
individual identity
family, friends, role models, media …
factors that influence individual identity:
identity of a group to which a person belongs and identifies with
collective identity
characteristics that represent an entire nation
• individual and group identities help determine the national identity
• Canadian nationalists are concerned about Americanization which makes it more difficult to maintain a unique national identity
national identity
many cultures co-existing and interacting in one society
Multiculturalism, cultural pluralism, cultural mosaic, cultural diversity
a person who identifies their ethnic origin as Canadian along with the ethnic origin of their ancestors • e.g. French-Canadian, Ukrainian-Canadian, Irish-Canadian …
hyphenated Canadian
absorption of a minority cultural group into a dominant cultural group
Some people believe that globalization is reducing diversity and leading to cultural homogenization which erases the differences among people, and as a result, they become more and more similar.
assimilation, melting pot, cultural homogenization
the policy of keeping different cultural groups separate from each other
examples: Hutterites, Mennonites, First Nations reserves, Chinatown …
segregation
cultural changes that occur when two cultures, accommodate, or adapt to, each other’s worldview — the way they see the world
acculturation
bringing together different cultural groups as equal parts of a whole, unified culture • people from different cultures come into contact and accept and create space for one another — the customs, traditions, technologies, beliefs, and languages of each culture may be affected
example: Canada’s multicultural policy
integration or accommodation
the absorption of the culture of a minority group into a dominant cultural group
example: residential schools were established by the Canadian government to assimilate First Nations children
assimilation
concerns or issues of cultures that are in a minority or have little influence are placed at a lower priority than those in a position of power or in the majority
marginalization
the gap that separates people do — and do not — have access to up-to-date digital technology
“digital divide”
Term suggesting people around the world are becoming increasing connected. As people communicate more quickly and more often, geographic and cultural distances become less significant. People would no longer be citizens only of their local community, province or country but would become global citizens.
global village
popular culture — the culture of the people
• current cultural trends that are spread by commercial mass media
pop culture
the homogenization of pop culture
• global media and communication technologies enable creators of pop culture to sell their products anywhere in the world • some people warn that universalization leads to cultural homogenization as most pop culture is produced in the U. S. and exported around the world — American views and values will dominate (Americanization)and cultural diversity will be reduced
universalization of pop culture
the erasing of differences — when this term is applied to people, it often refers to the erasing of cultural differences so that peoples become more and more similar
homogenization
the combining of elements of two or more different things to create something new
• the spread of media has resulted in the hybridization of culture — this means we often see something that may be produced in one country, exported to another country, and changed slightly to better connect with the new audience • e.g. television shows produced in the United States may be dubbed in Russian and, using satellites, broadcast in Russia
hybridization
the gathering of ownership of newspapers and other media in the hands of a few large corporations
media concentration
the use of electronic technology to integrate media such as newspapers, books, TV, and the Internet dangers of media concentration and convergence:
media convergence
- reduces the diversity of opinion in Canada and around the world
- news media can reduce the number of reporters and other staff that they employ
- less local news coverage — these issues might be more important than
convergence:
Crown corporation that provides radio and television services to the public • purpose: protect distinct Canadian culture
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC)
Canadian government policy recognizing French and English as official languages in Canada • Charter of Rights and Freedoms (1982) helps strengthen minority English and French language rights across Canada
official bilingualism
an official Canadian gov’t policy adopted in 1971 and based on the idea that Canadian society is pluralistic — made of many culturally distinct groups who are free to affirm and promote their own cultural identity • encourages Canada’s many cultural groups to preserve, enhance, and share their heritage (promotes diversity)
multiculturalism
- federal government agency that regulates broadcasting in Canada
- to protect Canada’s cultural industries and limit American media dominance, the gov’t set standards requiring certain levels of domestic content
- the CRTC enforces quotas for Canadian content — 30% of music played by Canadian radio stations and 60% of programming on Canadian TV stations must be Canadian.
- Canadian cultural protectionists support these programs
The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC):
is an international organization of French-speaking countries which affirms and promotes the French language and culture in a globalizing world
La Francophonie
• a United Nations agency that promotes international collaboration on culture, education, and science • promotes cultural & linguistic revitalization to ensure cultures and languages are promoted and not lost because of globalization
UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization):
an effort to ensure that aspects of a culture or identity are not lost or altered
cultural revitalization
cultural groups actively working to promote their culture beyond just those who are members of it • e.g. a group may hold a conference or demonstration to educate others about their culture
affirmation of identity
