Soci 314 Flashcards

Question

Is mens testosterone associated with differences in attitudes?

Answer 1

higher lower

Answer 2

Belief that men are losing power increases support for conservative political candidates When men are threatened based on social status (women gaining political power) then men are a lot more likely to support conservative.

Answer 3

"All manhood acts as we define them, are aimed at claiming privilege, eliciting deference, and resisting exploitation"

Answer 4

Strict regulation of emotions Expression of desire for girls/women Physical aggression

Answer 5

femininity that is subordinated to, and supportive of hegemonic masculinity Emphasized femininity receive power and status relative to other women though their relationship to hegemonic masculinity

Answer 6

The selective incorporation of elements of identity typically associated with various marginalized and subordinate masculinities and -at time- feminizes into privileged mens gender performances and identity" Appears to be "softer" and more progressive forms of masculinity Hybrid masculinity may reduce inequality is some ways, but reinforce the, in others

Answer 7

Hybrid Masculinity

Answer 8

symbolically distancing oneself from certain "types" of men as well as hegemonic masculinity Approaching elements from marginalized or subordinated masculinities Not challenging structural inequality

Answer 9

Some young men symbolically distance themselves from groups of men culturally understood as traditionally masculine (frat boys, football players) and describe themselves as more caring and emotionally mature than most other men

Answer 10

“Black professional hybrid masculinity… involving egalitarian financial and domestic responsibilities alongside traditional masculine protection” “They actively reconstruct gender identities that reaffirm their sense of manhood and idealize their future wives as symbols of hybrid femininity: work-devoted and financially independent women who are at the same time in need of masculine protection” Black men redefine the norms of martial masculinity by prioritizing protecting over providing and expanding its bounds to include co-providership and deminie-typed work. Incorporated activities such as providing love and a safe haven “High social status also afford some black men the ability to opt in and out of conventional masc; without the choice detracting from their masculine status”

Answer 11

Yes but not necessarily can be believed to happen at some scaled but not others social conditions can change

Answer 12

“Rather than seeing these performances as failures in the sense of not producing the effect they seem to symbolically claim, these enactments might better be understood as working precisely because they obscure the very system of power and dominance they appear to oppose” Hybrid may or may not be hegemonic. May or may not enforce gender inequality. But in order to be hegemonic you need the force. Men distinguish themselves from frat boys, but then can reinforce inequalities in other way

Answer 13

Men on Tik Tok like lil huddy We find that tik tok creators challenge and reinforce traditional notions of masc, subverting widely recognizing tropes, and gender norms while simultaneously reinforcing the importance of men’s muscularity, attractiveness, and sexual bravado

Answer 14

1. making less than women partner 2. women rejecting their sexual advances 3. Women controlling a relationship 4. Women beating them in a competition 5.Women not needing them 6. Doing something others perceive as feminine 7. Expressive vulnerable emotions 8. Not being sufficiently athletic, strong, muscular, or willing to take risks 9. Not having as much sex with women as other men 10. Men physically overpowering them

Answer 15

Decreasing levels of cultural “homohysteria” - this is, “fear of being homosexualized” - enable men to develop softer, more expressive and tactical forms of masculinity “Multiple masculinities will proliferate without hierarchy and hegemony, and men are permitted an expansion of acceptable hetero masculine behaviours”

Answer 16

Young men in iceland support gender equality and more emotionally engaged fatherhood practices In their own lives they explained the importance of emotional care and vulnerability in friendships and a rejection of many aspects of “traditional” masculinity, such as excessive competitiveness and physical fighting Their narratives indicated some uncertainty about how to be masculine amidst shifting gender norms

Answer 17

While boys recognized dominant ideas about hegemonic masculinity, many said they themselves do not aspire to these ideals, having different, “hybrid” ideas about what defines a real man, boy also varied in the extent to which they felt they measured up to their personal definition. “Outcasts were successful in reaching their goals of an alternative masc. They viewed masc as forging some notions of hegemonic masc and including traditionally fem qualities such as empathy, emotionally, and cooperation” (803) (Most common configuration) (Some men/boys wanted to enact this masculinity but felt pressure from adults to behave in more conventionally masculine ways)

Answer 18

older cohorts

Answer 19

Exaggerated masculinity in LatinX cultures 73% said it was a bad thing Associated with violence “Belief that men are superior to or better than men” “Acting with emphasis or prideful masculinity” “Men and women should have certain roles”

Answer 20

Many men today try to enact a masculinity that is neither hyper masculine nor too feminine. “They key to the regular guy is not just flexibility in terms of incorporating subordinated or marginalized masculine practices but rather adaptability to the demands of the spaces and places he moves through in everyday life” (Men need to express the appropriate amount and type of emotions or a given context)

Answer 21

Many gay and bisexual men feel pressures to be masculine, but not too masculine Tops and muscular bodies are idealized Exceeding the goldilocks zone of masculinity can mark an individual as being closeted , homophobic (and) inauthentic (there is) not just a floor to acceptable/desirable masculinity, but also a ceiling” These themes are racialized in ways that marginalize Asian and Black men

Answer 22

“I suggest that the central features of caring masculinities are their rejection of domination and their integration of values of care, such as positive emotion, interdependence, and relationality, into masculine identities” (241).

Answer 23

Men who adhere to the new masculinity ideology value authenticity, self realization, self growth and strive for balance across the life sphere, including between work, lesires, and domestic life. More important than holding on to established masculine norms and gendered restrictions Men want to be more involved as fathers and more emotionally involved

Answer 24

“New fatherhood” ideals reflect a greater emphasis on caregiving, increased time spent with children, equitable partnerships, and greater equality with housework and childcare Greater adherence to masculine norms is associated with fewer practices and attitudes related to new fatherhood ideals Greater adherence to masculine norms is associated with greater us of harsh discipline

Answer 25

Dads play more with children Mothers are more likely to spend time with basic care, education, and talking and reading

Answer 26

The type of play fathers engage in is more likely to be physical: rough and tumble, tickling, chasing, giving piggyback rides This type of play is associated with positive cognitive, emotional, and social developmental outcomes

Answer 27

Middle and upper-middle class men in many regions (western europe, north america) increasingly focus on time-consuming grooming practices (formerly) feminized practices can be reframed as not only compatible with masculinity, but can be central to the construction of particular masculinities E.g. urban, professional, midd;e - to upper class masculinities