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Psychology Paper 2 > Socail Influence > Flashcards

Socail Influence Flashcards

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1
Q

Social roles

A

The parts people play as members of various social roles groups

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2
Q

Aim of zimbardos study

A

Do prison guards behave because they have sadistic personalities, or is it situation that creates such behaviour
Can people conform to become bad

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3
Q

Procedures of zimbardos study

A

25 male volunteers
Study into prison life
Randomly allocated prisoner or guard
Referred to by numbers
Supervised at all times
Given work shifts
Guards were allowed to make the rules up

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4
Q

Findings of zimbardos study

A

Expriment was slow at the first but guards soon changed their behaviour
They behaviour became a threat to prisoners psychological and physical health
Only 1/3 Enforced rules and punished them another 1/3 applied fair rules and helped prisoners
Most Guards were able to apply fair rules despite situational pressure to conform to a role

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5
Q

Draw backs of zimbardos study

A

Didn’t give informed consent
Participants Humiliated
Ends do not justify what they did to participants
Affect participants mental health mainly prisoners
People say it lacks realism (validity)

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6
Q

Conformity

A

Is yielding to group pressure (majority influence )

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7
Q

Compliance

A

Compliance is where an individual publicly , but not privately aggressive with the group . In order to gain approval and avoid ridicule . This is temporary and only shown in the presence of the group

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8
Q

Internalisation

A

Internalisation is where an individual accept the groups beliefs as their own . They change both their public and private views . It is permanent change as they continue to think this even when not in the group .

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9
Q

identification

A

Identification is where an individual publicly and privately accepts the majority influence . In order to gain acceptance . However doesn’t always privately agree with the majority group

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10
Q

Informationalsocial influence

A

Uncertain
Agree with majority and believe it’s right
Wnat to be right
Cognitive process
Public and private

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11
Q

Normative social influence

A

Agree with the opinion of the majority
Need for acceptance
Gain social approval /be liked
Emotional process
Public and private views differ - compaliance

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12
Q

Aim of aschs line study

A

was to investigate how social pressure from a majority group could influence and individual to conform
He wanted to see if participants would be pressured to answer incorrectly when confedrates did so it is their own perception would out weigh socail pressure

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13
Q

Method of aschs line study

A

Laboratory experiment with an independent group (8 people )which judge line lengths by saying out loud which comparison line (1,2,3) matched the standard line
Each group contained 1 participant and the rest confedrates ( real participant went last or close )
They did it 18 times and participants also did a version in isolation

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14
Q

Findings of aschs study

A

In teh control trail as the wrong answer was given 0.7% of the time
In the critical trails participants conformed to majority 31% of the time and 75% conformed at least once

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15
Q

Draw backs of aschs study

A

Group size
Socail support - when the was another person governing the right answer conformity rates dropped
Task difficulty
Lacks ecological validity
Not a naturalistic sistuation
Gender

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16
Q

Reasons why people conform

A

Distortion of perception- came to see the lines in the same way as the majority
Distortion of judgment - felt doubt about the accuracy of their judgment
Distortion of action - contained to trust their own judgment and perception but changed behaviour to avoid dissopraval

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17
Q

Minority influence

A

Is a form of socail influence in which the minority of people persuade others to adopt their beliefs

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18
Q

Factors which help the minority be noticed

A

Consistency
Commitment
Flexibility

19
Q

Moscovici study findings

A

Suggested that minorities can influence majorities
Indicates that minorities are much more receive when consistent

20
Q

Situational factors affecting obedience( def )

A

Explanations that focus on the influences that stem from the enviorment in which that individual is found

21
Q

Dispositional factors affecting obedience (def)

A

Explanation of individual behaviour caused by internal characteristics that reside within the individual personality

22
Q

Authoritarian personality

A

A collection of traits developed fork strict parenting
Conformist
Obedient towards people of perceived higher status

23
Q

Problems

A
24
Q

Miglrams study findings

A

Ordinary people are stonshingly obident to authority
Crimes are ordinary people obeying orders

25
Q

Internal validity

A

The degree to which the observed effect occurred due to teh manipulated iv

26
Q

Aim of milgrams study

A

To test the extent of humans willlingness to obey orders from authority figure

27
Q

Procedure of milgrams study

A

Participants were told by an experimenter to administer increasingly powerful electric shocks to another person

28
Q

Factors which affect obedience

A

Uniform
Proximity
Location

29
Q

Agentic stage

A

A mental state where we feel no personal responsibility for our behaviour because we believe ourselves to be acting for an authority figure

30
Q

Legtiamcy of authority

A

Explanation for obedience which suggests that we are more likely to obey people who we perceive to have authority over us

31
Q

Autonomous state

A

Means to be independent or free
Free to behave according to their own pricinples
Feel sense of responsibility for their actions

32
Q

Milgrams agentic shift

A

He found that when someone enter a hierarchy of authority the change from an autonomous state to a agentic state
Some changes Blair from personally to an agent

33
Q

Resistance to socail influence

A

The ability to withstand the socail pressure to conform to the majority or to obey authority

34
Q

Locus of control

A

Refers to the sense we each have about what directs events in our lives

35
Q

How does Social support boost resistance to social influence

A

Social support enabled people to resist conformity
Individuals are more likely to resist when they have an ally who’s is also willing to oppose the authoritarian figure

36
Q

Research support for loc

A

Milgrams baseline study
Measured participants external and internal
37% of internals did not continue to the highest shock level
Compared to 23% of externals

37
Q

Other factors which affect how people resist pressures to conform

A

People are more willing to remain independent and moral
Individuals differences - educational history and religion etc

38
Q

Internal

A

I control my own destiny
Tend to be leaders
More likely to resist control from others
More likely to blame individuals

39
Q

External

A

Others control my destiny
Good understanding
Critical mind

40
Q

Social change and socail influence

A

Si- this is the process by which the individuals and groups change each other’s attitudes and behaviours
Sc- this occurs when whole societies adopt new attitudes, bellies etc

41
Q

Conditions necessary for social change through minority influence

A

Drawing attention to the issue
Minorities need to express their arguments consistently to be taken more seriously
Deeper undertaking of the issue
Snowball effect - when a minority catches momentum it becomes a majority view

42
Q

Terrorism as an act of social change

A

A study states that The aim of terrorsim is to bring about social change when direct socail force is not possible

43
Q

Social impact theroy

A

Social influence occurs when the combined effects of three factors are significant enough to:
Strength - powerful, knowledge and consistent
Immediacy -physical , social or psychological closeness of person providing influence
Number of people

Psychology Paper 2 (2 decks)

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