Socail Influence

Question 1

Social roles

Answer 1

The parts people play as members of various social roles groups

Question 2

Aim of zimbardos study

Answer 2

Do prison guards behave because they have sadistic personalities, or is it situation that creates such behaviour
Can people conform to become bad

Question 3

Procedures of zimbardos study

Answer 3

25 male volunteers
Study into prison life
Randomly allocated prisoner or guard
Referred to by numbers
Supervised at all times
Given work shifts
Guards were allowed to make the rules up

Question 4

Findings of zimbardos study

Answer 4

Expriment was slow at the first but guards soon changed their behaviour
They behaviour became a threat to prisoners psychological and physical health
Only 1/3 Enforced rules and punished them another 1/3 applied fair rules and helped prisoners
Most Guards were able to apply fair rules despite situational pressure to conform to a role

Question 5

Draw backs of zimbardos study

Answer 5

Didn’t give informed consent
Participants Humiliated
Ends do not justify what they did to participants
Affect participants mental health mainly prisoners
People say it lacks realism (validity)

Question 6

Conformity

Answer 6

Is yielding to group pressure (majority influence )

Question 7

Compliance

Answer 7

Compliance is where an individual publicly , but not privately aggressive with the group . In order to gain approval and avoid ridicule . This is temporary and only shown in the presence of the group

Question 8

Internalisation

Answer 8

Internalisation is where an individual accept the groups beliefs as their own . They change both their public and private views . It is permanent change as they continue to think this even when not in the group .

Question 9

identification

Answer 9

Identification is where an individual publicly and privately accepts the majority influence . In order to gain acceptance . However doesn’t always privately agree with the majority group

Question 10

Informationalsocial influence

Answer 10

Uncertain
Agree with majority and believe it’s right
Wnat to be right
Cognitive process
Public and private

Question 11

Normative social influence

Answer 11

Agree with the opinion of the majority
Need for acceptance
Gain social approval /be liked
Emotional process
Public and private views differ - compaliance

Question 12

Aim of aschs line study

Answer 12

was to investigate how social pressure from a majority group could influence and individual to conform
He wanted to see if participants would be pressured to answer incorrectly when confedrates did so it is their own perception would out weigh socail pressure

Question 13

Method of aschs line study

Answer 13

Laboratory experiment with an independent group (8 people )which judge line lengths by saying out loud which comparison line (1,2,3) matched the standard line
Each group contained 1 participant and the rest confedrates ( real participant went last or close )
They did it 18 times and participants also did a version in isolation

Question 14

Findings of aschs study

Answer 14

In teh control trail as the wrong answer was given 0.7% of the time
In the critical trails participants conformed to majority 31% of the time and 75% conformed at least once

Question 15

Draw backs of aschs study

Answer 15

Group size
Socail support - when the was another person governing the right answer conformity rates dropped
Task difficulty
Lacks ecological validity
Not a naturalistic sistuation
Gender

Question 16

Reasons why people conform

Answer 16

Distortion of perception- came to see the lines in the same way as the majority
Distortion of judgment - felt doubt about the accuracy of their judgment
Distortion of action - contained to trust their own judgment and perception but changed behaviour to avoid dissopraval

Question 17

Minority influence

Answer 17

Is a form of socail influence in which the minority of people persuade others to adopt their beliefs

Question 18

Factors which help the minority be noticed

Answer 18

Consistency
Commitment
Flexibility

Question 19

Moscovici study findings

Answer 19

Suggested that minorities can influence majorities
Indicates that minorities are much more receive when consistent

Question 20

Situational factors affecting obedience( def )

Answer 20

Explanations that focus on the influences that stem from the enviorment in which that individual is found

Question 21

Dispositional factors affecting obedience (def)

Answer 21

Explanation of individual behaviour caused by internal characteristics that reside within the individual personality

Question 22

Authoritarian personality

Answer 22

A collection of traits developed fork strict parenting
Conformist
Obedient towards people of perceived higher status

Question 23

Problems

Question 24

Miglrams study findings

Answer 24

Ordinary people are stonshingly obident to authority
Crimes are ordinary people obeying orders

Question 25

Internal validity

Answer 25

The degree to which the observed effect occurred due to teh manipulated iv

Question 26

Aim of milgrams study

Answer 26

To test the extent of humans willlingness to obey orders from authority figure

Question 27

Procedure of milgrams study

Answer 27

Participants were told by an experimenter to administer increasingly powerful electric shocks to another person

Question 28

Factors which affect obedience

Answer 28

Uniform Proximity Location

Question 29

Agentic stage

Answer 29

A mental state where we feel no personal responsibility for our behaviour because we believe ourselves to be acting for an authority figure

Question 30

Legtiamcy of authority

Answer 30

Explanation for obedience which suggests that we are more likely to obey people who we perceive to have authority over us

Question 31

Autonomous state

Answer 31

Means to be independent or free Free to behave according to their own pricinples Feel sense of responsibility for their actions

Question 32

Milgrams agentic shift

Answer 32

He found that when someone enter a hierarchy of authority the change from an autonomous state to a agentic state Some changes Blair from personally to an agent

Question 33

Resistance to socail influence

Answer 33

The ability to withstand the socail pressure to conform to the majority or to obey authority

Question 34

Locus of control

Answer 34

Refers to the sense we each have about what directs events in our lives

Question 35

How does Social support boost resistance to social influence

Answer 35

Social support enabled people to resist conformity Individuals are more likely to resist when they have an ally who’s is also willing to oppose the authoritarian figure

Question 36

Research support for loc

Answer 36

Milgrams baseline study Measured participants external and internal 37% of internals did not continue to the highest shock level Compared to 23% of externals

Question 37

Other factors which affect how people resist pressures to conform

Answer 37

People are more willing to remain independent and moral Individuals differences - educational history and religion etc

Question 38

Internal

Answer 38

I control my own destiny Tend to be leaders More likely to resist control from others More likely to blame individuals

Question 39

External

Answer 39

Others control my destiny Good understanding Critical mind

Question 40

Social change and socail influence

Answer 40

Si- this is the process by which the individuals and groups change each other’s attitudes and behaviours Sc- this occurs when whole societies adopt new attitudes, bellies etc

Question 41

Conditions necessary for social change through minority influence

Answer 41

Drawing attention to the issue Minorities need to express their arguments consistently to be taken more seriously Deeper undertaking of the issue Snowball effect - when a minority catches momentum it becomes a majority view

Question 42

Terrorism as an act of social change

Answer 42

A study states that The aim of terrorsim is to bring about social change when direct socail force is not possible

Question 43

Social impact theroy

Answer 43

Social influence occurs when the combined effects of three factors are significant enough to: Strength - powerful, knowledge and consistent Immediacy -physical , social or psychological closeness of person providing influence Number of people