Soc Final Flashcards
According to G. William Domhoff’s model of the political power structure, which coalition would colleges and universities likely belong to?
A. Corporate-Conservative coalition
B. Liberal-Labor coalition
C. Environmental-Elite coalition
D. Policy formation coalition
B. Liberal-Labor coalition
What was the most important type of authority that Nelson Mandela possessed?
A. Traditional
B. Rational-legal
C. Charismatic
D. Democratic
C. Charismatic
Which recent event was reminiscent of Philip Zimbardo’s mock prison experiment conducted in 1971?
A. The invasion of Kuwaiti jails
B. The Abu Ghraib prison scandal
C. The terrorist attacks of 9/11
D. None of the answers are true
B. The Abu Ghraib prison scandal
As described by C. Wright Mills, the power elite is?
A. A small group of military, industrial, and government leaders who control the fate of the United States
B. All holders of statewide and national office in the United States
C. The “Old Money” families who control the American economy
D. All of the answers are correct
D. All the answers are correct
The fight against a hazardous waste landfall in Warren County, North Carolina is an example of the concept of ______ at work.
A. SNAFU
B. The EPA
C. NIMBY
D. Catch-22
C. NIMBY
The industrialized nations of North America and Europe account for 12 percent of the world’s population and ____ percent of the worldwide consumption.
A. 20
B. 40
C. 60
D. 80
C. 60
Which of the following was the world’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases in 2000?
A. The United States
B. The European Union
C. China
D. Russia
A. The United States
Which of the following is greater in developing nations than in industrialized nations
A. Rural population
B. Child mortality
C. Total population size
D. All of the answers are correct
D. All of the answers are correct
_____ resulted in explosive economic growth but the ensuing rise in living standards was a evenly distributed across the world.
A. The Industrial Revolution
B. Colonization
C. World War I
D. World War II
A. The Industrial Revolution
Weber Defined force as?
answer: The actual use of threats
A social institution dedicated to the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services
Economy
The systematic, widespread withdrawal of investment in basic aspects of productivity, such as factories and plants
Deindustrialization
Reductions in a company’s workforce as part of deindustrialization
Downsizing
The transfer of work to foreign contractors
Offshoring
The ability to exercise one’s will over others even if they resist
Power
The actual or threatened use of coercion to impose one’s will on others
Force
Power that is recognized as legitimate by the people over who it is exercised
Authority
Legitimate power conferred by custom and accepted practice
Traditional Authority
Power made legitimate by a leader’s exceptional personal or emotional appeal to his or her followers
Charismatic Authority
Authority based on formally agreed-upon and accepted rules, principles, and procedures of conduct that are established in order to accomplish goal in the most efficient manner possible
Rational-legal Authority
An economic system based on private property, in which profit-seeking individuals, companies, and corporations compete in the marketplace.
Capitalism
The principle that people should be able to compete freely, without government intervention, in the capitalist marketplace
Laissez-Faire
Control of a market by a single business firm
Monopoly
An economic system under which the means of production and distribution are collectively owned
Socialism
An economic system that combines elements of both capitalism and socialism
Mixed economy
Transfers of money, goods, or services that are not reported to the government
Informal economy
The competition between individuals or groups over the allocation of valued resources
Politics
The social institutional that is founded on a recognized set of procedures for implementing and achieving society’s goals.
Political system
A form of government headed by a single member of a royal family, usually a king, queen, or some other hereditary ruler
Monarchy
A form of government in which a few individuals rule
Oligarchy
A government in which one person has nearly total power to make and enforce laws
Dictatorship
Virtually complete government control and surveillance over all aspects of society’s social and political life
Totalitarianism
In a literal sense, government by the people
Democracy
A system of government in which citizens elect political leaders to make decisions on behalf of the people
Representative Democracy
A view of society as being ruled by a small group of individuals who share a common set of political and economic interests
Elite model
A small group of military, industrial, and government leaders who control the fate of the United States
Power Elite
A view of society in which many competing groups withing the community have access to government, so that no single group is dominant
Pluralist model
Conflict between organizations that possess trained combat forces equipped with deadly weapons
War
The use of threat of violence against random or symbolic targets in pursuit of political aims
Terrorism
The absence of war or, more broadly, a proactive effort to develop cooperative relations among nations
Peace
Adam Smith’s 4 factors to capitalism
- pursuit of profit
- Competition in the market
- Law of supply and demand
- Laissez Faire (let people do as they please, gov. approach)
Karl Marx’s 5 factors to Socialism
- humans must produce
- Production makes us uniquely human
- We pour ourselves into our products
- Economy determines society
- Scarcity and distribution are obstacles to the good of society
T. H. Marshall’s 3 categories of citizenship rights
- civil rights - individual freedoms, etc.
- Political rights - voting, etc.
- Social rights - Welfare, security, etc.
The far-reaching process by which nations pass from traditional forms of social organization toward those characteristic of post-industrial revolution societies
Modernization
The maintenance of political, social, economic, and cultural dominance over a people by a foreign power for an extended period.
Colonialism
Continuing dependence over a people by a foreign power for an extended period.
Neocolonialism
The maintenance of political, social, economic, and cultural dominance over a people by a foreign power for an extended period
Colonialism
A view of the global economic system as one divided between certain industrialized nations that control wealth and developing countries that are controlled and exploited
World Systems Analysis
An approach contending that industrialized nations continue to exploit developing countries for their own gain
Dependency Theory
A commercial organization that is headquartered in one country but does business throughout the world
Multinational Corporation
The total value of a nation’s goods and services
Gross national income
The area of common culture along the border between Mexico and the United States
Borderlands
The monies that immigrants return to their families of origin. Also called remasas.
Remittances
Universal moral rights possessed by all people because they are human
Human Rights
The statistical study of population dynamics
Demography
The number of children born in a given period of time
Fertility
The number of live births per 1,000 people in the population in a given year
Crude Birth Rate
The average number of children a woman would have during her lifetime given current birth rates and assuming she survives through her child bearing years
Total Fertility Rate
The minimum number of children a woman would need to average in her lifetime to reproduce the population in the next generation
Replacement Fertility Rate
The number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population in a given year
Crude Death Rate
The number of deaths in infants less than one year old per 1,00 live births per year
Infant mortality rate
The projected number of years a person can expect to live based on his or her year of birth
Life expectancy
The movement of people from one population group to another
Migration
When individuals join a population group of which they were not previously a member
Immigration
When members of a population leave that group
Emmigration
The overall percent change in a population per year
Growth Rate
As societies transform from pre-industrial to post-industrial, their population size shifts from small but stable with high birth and death rates, through a period of significant population growth, to large but stable, when both birth and death rates are low
Demographic Transistion
A disease or illness that cannot be understood apart from some specific social context
Culture-bound Syndrom
Societal expectations about the attitude and behavior of a person viewed as being ill
Sick Role
The immigration to the United States and other industrialized nations of skilled workers, professionals, and technicians who are needed in their home countries
Brain Drain
The study of the distribution of disease, impairment, and general health status across a population
Social Epidemiology
The number of new cases of a specific disorder that occur within a given population during a stated period
Incidence
The total number of cases of a specific disorder that exist at any given time
Prevalence
The total number of cases of a specific disorder that exist at any given time
Prevalence
The incidence of disease in a given population
Morbidity rate
The incidence of death in a given population
Mortality Rate
Latino folk medicine, a form of holistic health care and healing
Curanderismo
Therapies in which the health care practitioner considers the person’s physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual characteristics
Holistic Medicine
The area of study concerned with the interrelationships between people and their environments
Human ecology
A legal strategy based on claims that racial minorities are subjected disproportionately to environmental hazards
Environmental Justice
A form of drilling for natural gas, using hydraulics for cracking the earths crust to thrust the natural gas from it
Fracking
2005 energy policy; lead by Dick Cheney; people who engage in Hydraullic fracturing don’t have to publish what chemicals are in the fluids
Halliburton loop hole
Military and Government form publishians for big business
Interlocking Directorate
What did the Government give to the people affected by fracking?
Stipends (payments) so that they’d keep quite if anyone interviewed them.
Millennium Project Goals by 2015
- eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
- achieve universal primary education
- promote gender equality and empower women
- reduce child mortality
- improve maternal health
- combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
- Ensure Environmental sustainability
- Develop a global partnership for development
