soc + cul - sociologist studies

Question 1

Parsons (Functionalist) on primary socialisation

Answer 1

Dwells on importance of value consensus as it helps create social order (makes society predictable as largely sharing norms and values).

Question 2

Parsons (Functionalist) on family + marriage

Answer 2

He believed that adults should have separate roles within the family. The male has the instrumental leader role whilst the female has the expressive leader role.

Question 3

David Cooper (Marxist) on roles

Answer 3

Cooper sees roles as making it easier to control individuals, laying the groundwork for indoctrination or “brainwashing” later on in life e.g. through education, in the workplace.

Question 4

Bourdieu (Neo-Marxist) on class differences

Answer 4

Emphasises the differences in class socialisation and

Question 5

Handel (Interactionist) on primary socialisation

Answer 5

• Children do not blindly accept the norms and values they are socialised into because not everyone has the same experience in p. socialisation.
• Talks about the idea of plasticity where children can be moulded differently through socialisation.
• Sees that socialisation process develops three capabilities: 1. Capacity for empathy, 2. Ability to communicate. 3. Sense of identity/ “self”

Question 6

Cooley (1929)

Answer 6

People possessed a “looking glass self” where a persons sense of who they are becomes a reflection of how others see them.

Question 7

Iona and Peter Opie

Answer 7

Talk about how children often had a street culture that excluded any adults including their parents. It develops through play.

Question 8

Durkheim (Functionalist) on education + sec socialisation

Answer 8

• Sees school as a microcosm of society and so it prepares people for adult society
• Subjects within curriculum allow children to link the past and present and develop a sense of pride and belonging
• Students develop social solidarity and unity

Question 9

Parsons views on education + sec socialisation

Answer 9

• School was a bridge between particularistic and universalistic values

Question 10

Althusser (Neo-Marxist)

Answer 10

• Education teaches ideology; teaches students to think and act in a way that benefits capitalism.
• They are not taught to question society when they fail, they are taught that it is their fault.

Question 11

Durkheim on religion

Answer 11

• Claimed that it was impossible to have any form of social life without a set of socially accepted and shared norms and values.
• Religion reinforces collective conscience as it establishes principles and beliefs that ensure social order

Question 12

Erikson on religion

Answer 12

Children have little to no choice other than to believe in what they’re parents believe in.

Question 13

Naomi Wolf on the media in sec socialisation

Answer 13

There is a causal link between representation of (US) size zero models in magazines and eating disorders.

Question 14

Strinati (postmodernist) on media in sec socialisation

Answer 14

• Media has the most influence on peoples’ identity
• Media encourages consumption of logos, designer labels and brands which become more important to that person’s identity then anything else.

Question 15

Fesbach and Sanger - criticisms of syringe model

Answer 15

Idea of catharsis where screen violence can actually be a safe outlet for aggressive and violent tendencies.

Question 16

Young - criticisms of syringe model

Answer 16

Seeing the effects of violence in terms of families of victims and the harm that is caused can make us more aware of the consequences of violence making us less inclined to commit violent acts.

Question 17

Ritzer - work and sec socialisation

Answer 17

• Mcdonaldisation of work: how workers in some industries were not trained to show initiative.
• The behaviour in a certain chain like McDonalds will be the same for any McDonalds in the world.