Soc 5-9 Flashcards
Define stereotype
A widely shared and simplified evaluative image of a social group and its members.
Beliefs that typical members of the outgroup possess certain characteristics or traits.
Is it easy to unlearn stereotypes?
No, it is really challenging.
Define prejudice
An antipathy (intense dislike) based upon a faulty and inflexible generalisation.
It may be felt or expressed.
It may be directed toward a group as a whole, or toward an individual because he is a member of that group.
Does prejudice categorise individuals?
YES, we are pre juding an individual with their group membership, and saying that they are all like that, and ceasing to see them as individuals
Define discrimination
Any negative behaviour directed toward an individual based on his/her membership in a group
5 moderating factors involved with stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination
Motivation Context Individual differences Age Cognitive load
What are the 2 developmental stages of Devine’s Disassociation Model?
Development Stage 1: early and continuous learning of cultural stereotypes.
Development Stage 2: critically evaluate the validity of these stereotypes (develop personal beliefs)
What is ‘low prejudice’
People after the initial activation of the automatic negative stereotype, consciously inhibit their subsequent response and report positive personal beliefs about racial minority.
What is ‘high prejudice’
People after the initial activation of the automatic negative stereotype do not consciously inhibit their subsequent negative response, thus their negative stereotypes and personal beliefs are not in conflict.
How does Devine see high and low prejudice interacting with stereotyping level?
It doesn’t matter whether you have low or high prejudice, she sees everything as having the same stereotyping level
How does Lepore and Brown see high and low prejudice interacting with stereotyping level?
They see a positive relationship between stereotype level and the prejudice level.
People with a low stereotype level have a low prejudice level and then same applies with high.
Out of stereotype, prejudice and discrimination, which have the highest correlation, and which have the lowest?
Highest correlation = prejudice and discrimination
Lowest correlation = stereotypes and discrimination
What is Modern Racism Theory?
It proposes that as a result of a change in society’s norms, politically conservative white majorities are no longer comfortable in expressing racism directly, instead they would advocate laws and policy that disadvantage racial minorities.
This anti-welfare stance is a cover up for anti-minority sentiment,
Why study both blatant and subtle prejudice?
There is a sufficient unique variance to make each form of prejudice quite distinct
When do causal or everyday racism turns blatant?
When society and individuals tolerate jokes or statements by those who did not realise or intend to cause offence.
If the target calls out racism, and it is repeatedly and intentionally booed as a result, it becomes blatant racism.
Limitations of the Modern Racism Scale
The scale contains a confound between prejudice and political conservatism.
The scale items appear blatant rather than subtle.
The scale items may have become outdated.
What are implicit measures of racial prejudice?
Sentence completion and word fragment completion tasks.
Decision time / RT latency
Physiological measures - eye blink response
The implicit association test
What is the implicit association test?
The IAT measures attitudes that people are unwilling or unable to report
Reaction time latency implicit measures using positive and negative words with white and black targets
There is no difference between black and white targets when paired with negative words.
When positive is paired with black there is a significantly slower response compared to white target paired with positive words.
EXAMPLE of blatant prejudice as we are reluctant to be positive towards black targets.
According to a Human Rights Commission survey, how many Australians said that they had experienced race-hate talk, such as verbal abuse, racial slurs, or name-calling?
1 in 5
What is cognitive categorisation theory and what does it imply?
Most categorisation occurs automatically on the basis of race, gender and age.
The problem with this efficient categorisation technique begins when we infer characteristics of the whole group based on information about one specific group member, and respond negatively as a result.
What is Social Identity Theory?
The need for positive self-esteem motivates individuals to perceive people in their environment in terms of ingroups and outgroups.
Limitations of Social Identity Theory?
Favouring our ingroup does not mean that we must also dislike outgroups.
Outgroup discrimination occurs the more homogenous the outgroup and when an outgroup member does something bad.
We don’t automatically dislike an outgroup.
What is contact hypothesis?
The notion that a lack of positive intergroup contact, due to social and physical segregation, can result in people forming their opinions of outgroup members based on faulty generalisations and negative media potrayals
