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soc exam 2 > soc > Flashcards

soc Flashcards

1
Q

social disorganization

A

inability of community members to achieve shared values or solve jointly experienced problems

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2
Q

example of social disorganization

A

areas that see newly arriving poor (immigrants), high rate of residential instability, and mixes of people from different backgrounds

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3
Q

empirical rule

A

based on observation instead of logic

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4
Q

resiedential instability

A

strong networks of social relationships prevent crime and delinquency

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5
Q

etnic diversity

A

number of households occupied by white vs. nonwhite…..crimes aries between ethnic groups, not from some groups being more violence prone then others

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6
Q

family disruption

A

indexed by the number of female headed households…Single mothers hildren are usually in trouble more

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7
Q

youth delinquency

A

measured by rate of violent crimes by the youth

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8
Q

residential instability

A

when the pop. of an area continuously changes. fewer opportunites to get to know each other

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9
Q

concept

A

label that applies things with similar attributes

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10
Q

variable

A

concept that is of interest to us. Can influence/ be influenced by something (independent/dependent)

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11
Q

attribute

A

quality that describes something

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12
Q

theory

A

it is an explanation, so you must create a hypothesis to test it

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13
Q

3 qualities of a good hypothesis

A
  1. testable expectation
  2. uses 2 variables
  3. clearly states the direction of the relationship
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14
Q

content analysis

A

analyzing text to see what it reveals about its author, the times in which it was written, etc.

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15
Q

strength of surveys

A

obtain data from large numbers of ppl, useful in collecting demographic info, it can measure attitudes of people

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16
Q

weaknesses of surveys

A

not a good way to measure actual behavior, information can be very misleading

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17
Q

6 guidelines for surveys

A
  1. questions must be at appropiate level
  2. avoid double negative questions
  3. avoid marathon questions
  4. dont ask leading/loaded questions(quesyions that lead respondents to answer one way or another)
  5. Dont ask double barreled questions(one question at a time)
  6. dont ask questions respondents cant answer(inaccessible info)
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18
Q

experiment

A

manipulating the independent variable and observing the effect on the dependent variable

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19
Q

observation research in sociology

A

research that directly observes behavior of individuals in social environments

20
Q

unobtrusive methods

A

studying things that have already occurred(artifacts, existing statistics, and texts)

21
Q

triangulation

A

combining methods of research so that strengths of one method overcome weaknesses of another

22
Q

selecting an appropriate sample

A

the more diverse a population is, the larger the sample needs to be
scientific survey - random sampling
nonscientific survey - nonrandom sampling

23
Q

informed consent

A

consent that is obtained after the research participant has been told what they will be asked, what the benefits will be, and what possible harms there can be

24
Q

nonmaterial culture

A

made up of intangible things (ideas, symbols, language

25
Q

material culture

A

includes all things that humans make from raw materials

26
Q

folkways

A

casual norms not taken seriously (eating cereal for dinner)

27
Q

mores

A

important rules/laws (assalt, murder)

28
Q

taboos

A

norms so deeply held that even the thought of violating them upsets people (incest)

29
Q

cultural diffusion

A

adopting material cultural from other cultures (sushi bar from japan)

30
Q

cultural leveling

A

as cultural diffusion increases, differences between cultural decreases (mcdonalds in London)

31
Q

subculturals

A

groups of ppl within society that share the same beliefs, values, and norms (police officers)

32
Q

counterculture

A

a group in society whose values, norms, and material culture sets them apart (KKK, Nazis)

33
Q

idioculture

A

culture of the group mirrors the larger culture, but they develop their own distinct culture

34
Q

culture as a product of action

A

culture systems are created by humans and in this sense are products of human action. Thats why there are different cultures

35
Q

culture as conditioning element

A

when one problem has been satisfactorily solved by a society, and every other society fixes their same problem

36
Q

primary group

A

family riends and loved ones

37
Q

secondary group

A

less intimate groups (classmates, work friends)

38
Q

master status

A

a social position that tend to be one of the most important positions a person occupies

39
Q

status

A

a persons role in a group - president, vice president, worker bee

40
Q

status inconsistency

A

when a person occupies multiple status’s that they weren’t meant to fulfill (a daughter becoming and mom and sister)

41
Q

role conflict

A

when the demands of a persons roles clash ( when a principal has a son that gets in trouble in their own school. They have to deal with it from the administrative side and parental side)

42
Q

attributes of institutions

A
  1. inherently conservative
  2. change slowly
  3. are interdependent
  4. frequently differ from one society to another
43
Q

institutionalized norms

A

Statuses: mother, father, son, daughter
Role Expectations: wives and husbands must be faithful to each other
Values: “Blood is thicket then water”
Norms: Help one another, dont rat on family

44
Q

self sufficiency

A

a group doesnt qualify as a society unless it can provide for the resources to answer all of its members basic needs

45
Q

social institutions

A

family, religion, economy, law, politics

46
Q

society

A

a group of ppl who share laws, organizations, customs, etc.

47
Q

Societal Needs and Their Institutions

A
  1. institutions are generally unplanned, they develop gradually
  2. Institutions change slowly
  3. A particular society’s institutions are interdependent bc of this, change in one institution tends to being changes in another
  4. The statuses, roles, values, and norms associated with an institution in one society frequently bear little resemblance to those in another society

soc exam 2 (1 decks)

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