SOC 134 Final Flashcards
Racialized strikebreaking
A type of thinking where African American workers are brought in to replace workers on strike
Blumer’s theory of group position
Race prejudice exists in a sense of group position rather than in the set of feelings members of one racial group have toward the members of another racial group
Split Labor
Wages for the same job are different for members of different ethnic groups.
Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis
The movement of people and businesses from inner cities to the suburbs has caused an increase in employment problems for those who continue to live in the city, primarily blacks.
Homosocial reproduction/ Cultural matching
“Cultural fit”: people are more comfortable with people who look like them, so they are more likely to employ those who have the same skin color as them
Network effects
More connections with people lead to more job opportunities, especially if they trust you
Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment
Deceived 600+ Black men with syphilis into thinking they were being treated for “bad blood”
Non-SES sources for health disparity
- Prestige- unequal deference- survey on patient encounters
- Neighborhood effects- parks, nutrition, health care, toxic waste
Involuntary experimentation
Experiments carried out that do not receive explicit informed consent from participants, unethical
Hispanic Health Paradox
HIspanics appear to have better health outcomes relative to Non-Hispanic Whites across various health measures. The role of acculturation, ethnic enclave, and immigration selectivity are all contributors
Environmental Racism
Policies that disproportionately disadvantage nonwhite communities
Skull Valley
Reservation in Utah surrounded by mining, chemical weapons, and incinerators led to high levels of cancer, lung disease, birth defects, and pollutants in breast milk
Dakota Pipeline
Government took land illegally (going against treaty) and approved construction without approval from Native American communities despite tribes’ opposition due to greenhouse gas emissions and concerns it would contaminate the water
Hyde Park
African American community in Georgia fell in from industrial contaminants. They began to administer their own tests on soil, filed lawsuits, and secured funds to remove chemical toxins
Flint Michigan
Cost-cutting poisonous lead levels in Black community water. Complaints were ignored.
Intelligence Testing
The argument that there is a difference in intellectual abilities between races (scored based on IQ), which can be attributed to genetic factors.
Scientific Racism
The belief that there exists genetic and biological differences between races.
Homogenization vs Polarization
*Homogenization is the process of making things uniform and similar
*Polarization is the division of contrasting groups or sets of opinions/beliefs
Intersectionality
Defining characteristics such as race, gender, and ethnicity may combine to result in different levels of discrimination
Racialization
The practice of ascribing racial identity. Associating racial categories with previously racially unclassified groups or practices and imparting social and symbolic meaning to it. Often related to perceived phenotypical traits of groups. Imposed by dominant groups in hierarchical terms (either positive or negative)
Schermerhorn’s Definition of ethnicity
Common ancestry, history, symbolic elements, and self-consciousness
5 fallacies
- Individualistic: assumes racism only occurs in “racist people”
- Legalistic: eliminating racist laws eliminates racism intself
- Tokenistic: the presence of people of color in influential positions means racism has decreased
- Ahistorical: racism in the past is not relevant today
- Fixed: racism has always looked the same throughout time
Bracero Program
permitted millions of Mexican men to work legally in the United States on short-term labor contracts
Immigrant selectivity
the notion that migrants are not a random sample of the population at origin, but differ in certain traits such as educational attainment from individuals who stay behind.
Hart-Cellar Act of 1965
Immigration act that equalized immigration quotas for all countries. This caused diversification in America, but had the side effect of increasing the amount of illegal immigrants in the country.
Classic assimilation vs Segmented assimilation theory
- Classic assimilation: Immigrants replace old ways with new mainstream ways
*Segmented assimilation: Paths to assimilation have diversified. (Upward, Downward, and ethnic mobility. School failure, risky behavior, incarceration)
Panethnicity
Different groups build institutions and identities. (Second generation, higher income/education weakening, More cultural than political)
Crimmigration (IIRIRA)
Conflating Mexicans with crime, scapegoating
Curtail due process protections and judicial review
“Aggravated felonies”, applied retroactively
Golash-Boza: deportation is “systemic racism”
Effects on community: policing and surveillance
Cultural capital
being introduced to practices that will advantage one later in life
Hidden Curriculum
unspoken ways to ask in a school/professional environment
Social capital
Social connections that are used to ones advantage
Oppositional culture
Minority groups developing a collection of behaviors, aesthetics, linguistics, and spiritual attitudes that directly oppose white culture
Stereotype Threrat
The fear that certain actions in your everyday life can confirm a stereotype about your racial group in the eyes of others and maybe even your own eyes. (Intellectual ability tests, when black people were told that they were being tested on problem solving they did fine, but when told they were being tested on intellectual ability they did worse out of fear of confirming a negative stereotype about black people being less intelligent)
Tracking
Setting students in different classes based on their perceived ability
Affirmative Action
Policies and practices put in place to address past wrongs
School to prison pipeline
a third of students sent to jail from teachers are African American, disproportionately places people of color into the criminal justice system
