Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Soc 100 > Soc 100: Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Soc 100: Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Socialization

A

a learning process that involves development or changes in the individual’s sense of self.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Primary socialization

A

the earliest socialization that a child receives; occurs during infancy and childhood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Secondary socialization

A

socialization that occurs later in life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

agents of socialization

A

people and institutions who contribute/influence our socialization.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Habitus

A

our often unconscious bodily knowledges and dispositions/habits

Pierre Bourdieu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Talcott Parsons

A

socialization as the end results of internalization of norms and values.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Internalization

A

taking social norms, roles, and values into one’s own minds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Determinism

A

the degree to which a person’s behaviour, attitudes, and other personal characteristics are determined or caused by a specific factor.

structure (hard) vs. agency (soft)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

biological determinism

A

states that the greater part of who we are is determined by our genes (heredity) that create particular physiological characteristics. “nature”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

behaviourism

A

Human beings are shaped entirely by their external environment. “nuture”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Law of effect

A

Edward Thorndike: the principle that the likelihood of a person repeating an action increases if the action is rewarded (reinforced), while the likelihood decreases if the action is punished or ignored.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Behaviour modification

A

attempting to change someone’s behaviour using positive or negative reinforcement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sigmund freud

A

founder of psychoanalysis
- 3 parts of human mind: id, superego, ego

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

social/cultural determinism

A

= behaviourism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Dennis H. Wrong

A

warned against taking an oversocialized (a misleading conception of humans as passive recipients of socialization) view of people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

refrigerator mothers

A

‘cold’ women who withhold affection from their sons. Once believed to cause autism in their sons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Voluntarism/volunteerism (brym)

A

the belief that we alone control our destiny.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

George Herbert Mead

A

Significant and Generalized others.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Significant others

A

key individuals whom young children imitate and model themselves after.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Generalized others

A

attitudes, viewpoints, and general expectations of the society that a child is socialized into.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Meads developmental sequence for socialization

A

preparatory stage (pure imitation), play stage (role-taking), game stage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Looking glass self

A

an individual’s self image is based/influenced by how people think they are viewed by others (Charles horton cooley)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Carol Gilligan

A

Harvard educational psychologist and feminist who notes how the self-esteem of girls declines during their teenage years.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

agents of socialization examples:

A

family, peer groups, community/neighbourhood, media, school

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

family

A

an individual’s first agent of socialization, and often the most powerful one.

26
Q

peer pressure

A

refers to the social force exerted on individuals by their peers to conform in behaviour, appearance, or externally demonstrated values.

27
Q

risk behaviours

A

social pressure put on an individual to conform to the ways of a particular group that the individual belongs to or wishes to belong to.

28
Q

narrow socialization

A

obedience and conformity to the standards and expectations of the community are emphasized, and punishment for deviation is practiced.

29
Q

broad socialization

A

individualism and independence are promoted; relatively less restrictiveness on the various dimensions of socialization.

30
Q

aristotle

A

believed that violence depicted in art produced an experience of catharsis

31
Q

albert bandura

A

Bobo doll experiments (adult beats it up, child watches) - wanted to see if behaviour could be learned without rewards or penalties. ‘Social cognitive learning theory’

32
Q

longitudinal studies

A

examined data gathered on research subjects over an extended period of time.

33
Q

observational learning theory

A

theory that children acquire “aggressive scripts” for solving social problems through watching violence on television

34
Q

desensitization theory

A

increased exposure to television violence desensitizes or numbs the natural negative reaction to violence.

35
Q

Jib Fowles

A

television violence has been misinterpreted; has no effect.H

36
Q

Hurried child syndrome

A

a situation in which a child, pushed to high levels of accomplishment in school and in afterschool activities experiences adult-like levels of stress, guilt, and inadequacy.

37
Q

resocialization

A

the process of unlearning old ways and learning new ways upon moving into a significantly different social environment.

38
Q

voluntary resocialization

A

when someone starts/moves school(s)/job(s), retires, undergoes a religious conversion.

39
Q

rite of passage

A

a ceremony or ritual that marks the passage from one stage of life to another

40
Q

involuntary resocialization

A

can take place with brutal violence. When someone is forced to change

41
Q

total institutions

A

institutions that regulate all aspects of an individual’s life. People are isolated from the rest of society and manipulated by administrative staff.
(Goffman)

42
Q

degredation ceremony

A

rite of passage designed to strip a person of his or her individuality

43
Q

hazing

A

rite of passage designed to strip a person of his or her individuality

44
Q

status

A

a recognized social position a person occupies; imposes responsibilities and expectations that help define that person’s relationships to others.

45
Q

status set

A

the complete collection of statuses you hold.

46
Q

achieved status

A

if you have entered into it at some stage in your life but were not born into it.

47
Q

ascribed status

A

one that you were born into; one you have entered involuntarily

48
Q

social mobility

A

the ability to move form one social class into another class.

49
Q

passing

A

the practice of downplaying or disowning an ascribed status (typically race or sexuality) by claiming a dominant status.

50
Q

master status

A

the status that dominates all of an individual’s other statuses in most social contexts, and plays the greatest role in the formation of the individual’s social identity.

51
Q

status hierarchy

A

the ranking of statuses within the categories of ethnicity, class, age, etc.

52
Q

labelling theory

A

When negative labels are attached to a status, a powerful master status can be created and internalized by both the individual and by others.

53
Q

status consistency

A

the condition a person experiences when all of their statuses fall in the same range in the social hierarchy.

54
Q

status inconsistency

A

cases in which a person holds social statuses that are ranked differently and do not align.

55
Q

marginalization

A

the experience of being treated as insignificant or of being moved beyond the margin of mainstream society.

56
Q

role

A

a set of behaviours and attitudes associated with a particular status.

57
Q

role ste

A

all of the roles attached to a particular status.

58
Q

role strain

A

develops when conflict exists between roles within the role set of a particular status.

59
Q

role conflict

A

occurs when a person is forced to reconcile incompatible expectations generated from two or more statuses they hold.

60
Q

role exit

A

the process of disengaging from a role that has been central to one’s identity, and attempting to establish a new role.

Soc 100 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions