soaps, detergents and emulsions Flashcards

1
Q

How are soaps made?

A

Soaps are produced from the alkaline hydrolysis of fats and oils (Triglycerides)

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2
Q

What else is made in the following reaction? Fat or oil + Sodium Hydroxide –> Soap + ????

A

Glycerol

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3
Q

Describe the structure of a soap molecule.

image 5

A

Long non-polar covalent hydrocarbon ‘tail’ and a polar, ionic ‘head’.

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4
Q

What word can be used to describe the tail of a soap molecule which is repelled by water?

A

Hydrophobic

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5
Q

What word can be used to describe the polar ionic head of a soap molecule which can dissolve in water?

A

Hydrophilic

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6
Q

How does the structure of soaps allow it to clean?

A

During cleaning using soaps the hydrophobic tails dissolve in a droplet of oil or grease, whilst the hydrophilic heads face out into the surrounding water

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7
Q

What word is used to describe small grease droplets suspended in water?

A

Emulsion (micelle)

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8
Q

Detergents are particularly useful in hard water areas because they do not form scum.

How does a detergent clean?

image 6

A

Tails would dissolve into the fat-soluble dirt.

image 7

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9
Q

Why are emulsifiers added to foods?

A

To prevent the oil and water from separating and stop the food from spoiling.

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10
Q

Identify the hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts of these emulsifiers.

image 8

A

Hydroxyl groups are hydrophilic, whilst fatty acid chains are hydrophobic.

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