SN:Wk 1-Basic Terminology Flashcards
Skeleton Notes: Week 1
What word is derived for the Greek word meaning “to cut apart” ?
Anatomy
Which of the following is another term for “gross anatomy”?
-Microscopic anatomy
-Cell biology
-Macroscopic anatomy
-Physiology
Macroscopic anatomy
The study of the structure of cells is called:
-Histology
-Pathology
-Cytology
-Etiology
Cytology
What is Anatomy the study of?
Study of internal and external structures of the human body
What are the two specialties of Anatomy
microscopic anatomy & macroscopic anatomy
Which specialty in Anatomy is the study of structures that can only be seen with a magnification aid?
Microscopic (micro)
What is the study of tissue examples
Histology
“histos”-meaning tissues or columms; “logia”- meaning study
Which specialty in Anatomy is the study of structures that are visible to the Naked Eye
Macrocsopic
Macro- prefix meaning large
What does Physiology focus on?
focuses on the function and vital processes of body structures
what is Disease?
A condition in which the body fails to function normally
What is the study of disease characteristics, causes and effects?
Pathology
What does Pathology study?
Pathology studies the characteristics, causes and effects.
meaning of Etiology
Cause of the disease
what does Epidemiology study?
Study of transmission, frequency of occurrence, distribution and control of a disease.
What are the two types of diseases?
Idiopathic diseases (noninfectious)
& Communicable diseases (infectious)
What is the type of disease that its cause cannot be determined?
Idiopathic
What is the type of disease that its cause has the potential to be spread from person to person or insect to person?
Communicable disease
What are three main types of disease patterns?
Endemic, epidemic & pandemic
what is Endemic
diseases occurring within a specific population
ex. Malaria in some parts of Brazil
what is Epidemic
diseases occurring in large numbers over a specific region
what is Pandemic
diseases spreading within countries or worldwide
ex. COVID 19
What disease pattern is this?
diseases occurring within a specific population
Endemic
What disease pattern is this?
diseases occurring in large numbers over a specific region
Epidemic
What disease pattern is this?
diseases spreading within countries or worldwide
Pandemic
what is Homeostasis
Physiological processes that monitor and maintain a stable internal environment in the body
What is the physiological process that monitors and maintains a stable internal environment in the body?
Homeostasis
meaning of Homeostatic Regulation
Adjustments made to maintain stability
ex. a thermostat in a home
what is a Negative Feedback Loop?
w/ example
Opposes the stimulus
Helps maintain homeostasis
Ex. Blood sugar regulation- when blood sugar levels rise after a meal the pancreas released insulin to lower sugar levels
Ex. Thermostat- When temp drops below a set point (75) , then the heater will turn on until temp is reached at 75 again
what is a Positive Feedback Loop?
w/ example
Enhances or increases changes
Known as a vicious cycle
Often harmful but sometimes necessary for specific processes
Ex. Childbirth contractions- baby pushes against cervix, produces Oxytocin which then travels within bloodstream and allows more contractions which ultimately leads to opening of cervix (dilation)
what are the three disease concepts?
Signs, Symptoms, Syndrome
what is the disease concept of “Signs”
w/ example
definitive, objective, and measurable indicators of illness
Vital Signs: pulse, blood pressure, temp, respiratory rate
Ex. fever, change in size or color of a mole
what is the disease concept of “Symptoms”
w/ example
Subjective indicators or illness perceived only by the patient
Ex. pain, dizziness, itchiness
what is the disease concept of “Syndrome”
w/ example
grouping of signs and symptoms related to a specific disease
Ex. down syndrome
meaning of Diagnosis
identification of a disease by studying patients signs, symptoms, history and results
meaning of Prognosis
w/ example
prediction about the outcome of a disease
Ex. Bells Palsy
definition of “Acute Condition”
w/ example
Rapid onset of signs and symptoms.
Ex. the flu, COVID, burns
definition of “Chronic Condition”
w/ example
Gradual onset of symptoms over a long period.
Ex. diabetes, HIV, asthma
definition of “Exacerbation Condition”
w/ example
Flare up of signs and symptoms.
Ex. shortness of breath, blue color in fingers or lips, chest pain
definition of “Remission Condition”
w/ example
period when signs and symptoms disappear.
Ex. PTSD, depression, cancer
definition of “Relapse Condition”
w/ example
Recurrence of a disease.
Ex. addiction(drugs), mental health(depression)
definition of “Terminal Disease Condition”
w/ example
a disease with a prognosis of death
Ex. Alzheimer’s, advanced stages of cancer
