SMP's and ICZM Flashcards

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1
Q

ICZM

A

Integrated Coastal Zone Management

A process for coastal management using an integrated approach, regarding all aspects of the coastal zone including geographical and political boundaries. In an attempt to achieve sustainability

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2
Q

Aims of an ICZM

A

It aims for the coordinated application of different policies affecting the coastal zone

Related to activities including:
Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change
Nature protection
Aquaculture
Fisheries
Agriculture
Industry
Offshore wind energy
Shipping 
Tourism 
Development of Infrastructure
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3
Q

Benefits of ICZM’s

A
Price/value of land may rise
Protection of buildings and infrastructure
Employment derived from defence building
Peace of mind for residents
Protection of businesses
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4
Q

Costs of ICZM’s

A

Economic cost of maintenance and repair
Cost of building sea defences
Disruption of wildlife and coastal ecosystem
Reduced access to the beach during works
Visually unattractive
Disruption of various natural processes
Increased erosion downdrift due to beach starvation and long-shore drift

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5
Q

ICZM Case Study - Mangrove Forests

A

Mangroves are a group of trees and shrubs that lives in the coastal intertidal zone. They grow in areas with saline, low oxygen soil, where slow moving waters allow fine sediments to accumulate.

Charities are involves to help maintain them
Different governmental bodies come up with solutions to manage coasts as well as social and economic factors
The focus is to protect the coastline
Introduces new techniques for business
It ensures the economic value of the land remains

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6
Q

ICZM Case Study - Odisha, India

A

Location: South-east coast, borders the Bengal Bay, Neighbouring countries are Bangladesh, China and Pakistan

Odisha is the 9th largest state in India and 11th largest by population

The majority of the coastline is at 0-150 on the physical attitude scale, meaning that it’s fairly low lying

The Utkal and Chillika Plains are often flooded. Mangrove swamps are common at the coast

Odisha has mostly depositional landforms due to the low energy environment created by the bay

The coast is relatively straight at 480km in length, with a few natural inlets and harbors

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7
Q

Threats to Odisha

A

Odisha’s coast is at risk from tropical cyclones and storm surges. Climate Change may increase the frequency and intensity of storms

85% of the coastal zone is under fragile conditions, due to deforestation and conversion for agricultural purposes

Climate Change - Increased coastal erosion due to surging waves, strong winds and torrential rains, all associated with cyclones

Vegetation that helps protect the coast from erosion is under threat. It has been removed for fuel wood in places and for development of resorts and other infrastructure

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8
Q

SMP

A

Shoreline Management Plan

It is a strategy for managing flood and erosion risk for a particular stretch of coastline

They identify the best ways to manage coastal flood and erosion risk to people and the developed, historic and natural environment

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9
Q

SMP Case Study - N.E Norfolk

A

Happisburgh

Location: County of Norfolk, East Anglia, Sub-cell 3A, 20 miles from Norwich, North East coastline of North Norfolk District

North Norfolk Cliffs reach heights of 75 metres
Cliff Characteristics:
1. Made of soft materials which are vulnerable to erosion and mass movement caused by undercutting
2. Clay cliff materials are impermeable meaning that they trap water, saturating the cliffs, making them weak and susceptible to land sliding.

Happisburgh has low cliffs, around 10 metres or so
In December 2013, residential buildings were swept away by the sea

Coastline that’s unprotected by defences can erode up to 2.5m per year

In 1959, revetments were put in place. They lack government funding and are an undermanaged retreat policy. They now use the ‘managed retreat’ as the government stated that it was too expensive to keep repairing and building new defences.

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