Smoking Journal Club Flashcards
Epidemiology
The study of the distribution and determinants of disease in human populations
Name some uses of epidemiology
How new treatments are performed? Are they better than old treatments
The epidemic of ___ disease in the 20th century ranks among the greatest public health catastrophes of the century, while the decline of ___ is surely one of the public health’s greatest successes.
smoking; smoking
1965-2014 how many deaths due to smoking and second-hand smoke?
over 20 million
Why did we start at 1965?
In 1964 there was a surgeon general’s report that there was evidence with smoking and increased death
Prevalance equation
n of existing cases of lung cancer at a given time DIVIDED BY total population
Incidence equation
n of new cases of lung cancer during a period of time DIVIDED BY total population at risk
Prevalance equation
incidence TIMES duration
Duration of Lung Cancer?
Prognosis is poor. Used to be diagonosed late and chemo was not good. Now we have CT scan that can screen for lung cancer
Mortality rate
number of death/population often per 100k person-years
crude death rate
total death/total person-years
cause-specific mortality rate
mortality rate from a specified cause for a population during a specified time period
age-related deaths
Age adjustment is used to remove the influence of any age differences when comparing the disease frequencies of two populations
case-control study
start with the case in question. Look back in time at exposure status. Starting with the cases and controls and asking about their past exposure
strengths of case control study
quick, inexpensive
appropriate for diseases with long latent periods
optimal for study of rare diseases
evaluation multiple etiologic factors of one disease
