Smoking Cessation

Question 1

Health consequences of smoking

Answer 1

Cancer, respiratory, cardiovascular, pregnancy

Question 2

Components of cigarettes

Answer 2

Tar (>4000 chemicals), carbon monoxide which reduces oxygen carrying capacity of blood, nicotine (addictive component)

Question 3

2nd hand smoke can cause:

Answer 3

Increased risk of lung cancer by 25%
Speech, learning disabilities in children
Worsened childhood conditions (ear infections, etc)

Question 4

Nicotine effects are ________ at low doses and become ________at high doses.

Answer 4

Stimulatory, reward

Question 5

Describe tolerance to nicotine

Answer 5

After you smoke, more nicotine receptors are produced causing an increase in nicotine needed to reach the same levels of dopamine release as before.

Question 6

What does nicotine bind to?

Answer 6

Alpha 4, beta 2 ACh receptors in the brain

Question 7

How long do the effects of nicotine last before craving occurs and a new cigarette is needed?

Answer 7

One hour

Question 8

Immediate health benefit after 20 mins

Answer 8

Normalized heart rate, blood pressure and body temperature

Question 9

Immediate health benefits after 8 hours

Answer 9

Reduced carbon monoxide levels and normalized oxygen levels

Question 10

Immediate health benefits after 48 hours

Answer 10

Improved sense of smell and taste

Question 11

Immediate health benefits after 72 hours

Answer 11

Increased lung capacity

Question 12

Immediate health benefits after 2 weeks

Answer 12

Nicotine is gone from body

Question 13

Immediate health benefits after 3 months

Answer 13

Increased circulation and energy

Question 14

Immediate health benefits after 6 months

Answer 14

Decreased coughing, sinus congestion, tiredness and shortness of breath

Question 15

Immediate health benefits after 1 year

Answer 15

Decreased risk of coronary heart disease

Question 16

Immediate health benefits after 5-10 years

Answer 16

Risk of dying from lung cancer is reduced by one half.

After 10-15 years risk of heart attack is at the same level as someone who never smoked

Question 17

Withdrawal symptoms are:

Answer 17

Fatigue, headaches,constipation, diarrhea, irritability, etc

Question 18

When do withdrawal symptoms start, peak, and usually resolve?

Answer 18

Start - a few hours after quitting
Peak - 2-3 days after quitting
Resolve- usually about 2 weeks after quitting

Question 19

3 questions you should as any pt about smoking

Answer 19

1: Do you smoke?
2: have you ever thought about quitting?
3: is now a good time for you to try quitting?

Question 20

According to Fagerstrososndogs questionnaire: what are the levels of dependency?

Answer 20

<5 : low dependency
=5: moderate
6-7: high
8-10: very high

Question 21

What are the 5 A’s in helping someone to quit smoking?

Answer 21

1. Ask if they smoke
2. Advise to quit smoking
3. Assess willingness to quit
4. Assist in attempt to quit
5. Arrange a follow up

Question 22

Pack history=?

Answer 22

# cigarettes per day * years smoked/20
= # pack years

Question 23

Common barriers to quitting smoking

Answer 23

Social, ritual, stress, family members smoke, fear of withdrawal symptoms, etc

Question 24

To help a pt quit, you must: (3 things)

Answer 24

1. Overcome their nicotine dependence
2. Cope with withdrawal symptoms
3. Extinguish behavioural triggers