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Prevention and Long Term Respiratory Care > Smoking Cessation > Flashcards

Smoking Cessation Flashcards

1
Q

-Why quit?

A

-1964 report of surgeon general’s advisory committee on smoking created warning labels

	-Cause of lung cancer and laryngeal cancer

	-cause of emphysema and cardiovascular disease
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2
Q

-Cigarette smoke

A

-Contains thousands of agents that damage tissue

-Over 600 ingredients in cigarettes and when burned creates 7000 chemicals

-Causes long term problems cancer, high bp, teeth issues

-Causes short term problems, bad breath, sneezing, and airway irritation
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3
Q

-Major and immediate health benefits
-20 mins of quitting

A

heart rate drops

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4
Q

-Major and immediate health benefits

-12 hours after quitting

A

carbon monoxide levels drops to normal

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5
Q

-Major and immediate health benefits

2-3 weeks after quitting

A

-Heart attack risk begins to drop

	-Lung functions improve ciliary action
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6
Q

-Major and immediate health benefits

1-9 months after quitting

A

coughing and dyspnea decrease

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7
Q

-Major and immediate health benefits

1 year after quitting

A

risk of CAD is ½ that of smokers -

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8
Q

-Major and immediate health benefits

5 years after quitting

A

stoke risk is reduced to that of nonsmokers

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9
Q

-Major and immediate health benefits

10 years after quitting

A

lung cancer death rate is ½ of nonsmokers

	-risk of cancer mouth, throat, esophagus, bladder, kidney, pancreas decreases
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10
Q

-Major and immediate health benefits

15 years after quitting

A

risk of CAD equals that of a non smoker

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11
Q

Life expectancy of smokers is how many shorteryears shorter than that of a non smoker

A

10 years

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12
Q

-Other benefits of non smoking that are mostly not health related

A

-Food will taste better

-Improved sense of smell

-Save money

-Feel better about oneself

-Home, car, clothing, breath will smell better

-set good example for your children, decreasing the likelihood that they will smoke in the future

-Healthier babies and children

-Perform better in physical activities

-Improve appearance, reduces wrinkles, and whiter teeth

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13
Q

-Nationwide Figures

A

-Smoking is responsible for 480000 deaths in US

-Estimated 37.6 million adults in US currently smoke

-More than 16 million americans live with a smoking related disease

-In 2018, estimated 170 billion in direct medical care cost due to smoking

-151 billion in lost productivity

-Of the more than 200000 kids who become new regular, daily smokers each yeat, almost a third will ultimately die from it. In addition smokers lose a decade of life because of their smoking

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14
Q

-Smoking Cessation Methods

A

-nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)

-Counseling (behavioral therapy)

-Hypnosis/ acupuncture/ homeopathic remedies

-Medications

-Electronic cigarettes (still undetermined)

-Comer Clayton Method

-Cold Turkey
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15
Q

-CDC Goals

A

-CDC goals to reduce health effects of tobacco use

	-Preventing the initiation of tobacco use among young people

	-Eliminating non smoker exposure to environmental tobacco use

	-Identifying and eliminating the disparities related to tobacco and its effects on different population groups
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16
Q

-Smoking Cessation

A

-Reasons RTs promote smoking cessation intervention

	-Even minimal intervention makes a difference

-Even if patient is unwilling intervention enhances motivation and increases chances of future quit attempts

-Tobacco users are primed to quit by societal and environmental issues

-Smokers who receive advice to quit repot greater satisfaction with their health care

-Inventions are cost effective

-Tobacco use has high fatality rate (up to 50%)

17
Q

-5 As of Intervention

A

-Ask patients if they use tobacco

-Advice to quit

-Assess willingness to quit

-Assist patients in quit attempt

-Arrange follow up to quit attempt
18
Q

-Motivational starting 4 Rs

A

-Relevance provides information that is relevant to patients’ disease status, family, or social status, health concerns, age, gender, etc.

-Risk, acute risk (shortness of breath importance) long term risk (heart attack, stroke, lung and other cancers, bronchitis) environmental risk ( higher rates of smoking children, etc)

-Rewards potential benefits (improved health, saves money, will not expose others to smoke.)

-repetition repeat motivational intervention at every contact with an unmotivated patient
19
Q

-A quit Plan (STAR)

A

-Set a quit date (Put into writing)

-Tell friends and family

-Anticipation Challenges

	-Keep hand busy

	-Go places where smoking is not allowed

-Remove Tobacco products from your environment

	-Make home smoke free

	-Get rid of lighters, ashtrays, and matched
20
Q

-Medication

A

-bupropion (Zyban, wellbutrin) antidepressants

-Reduces cravings and other side effects

-Doubles chances of success

-Varenicline ( Chantix)

-Works by blocking the pleasant effects of nicotine

-Reduces cravings and decreases the pleasurable effects of cigarettes and other tobacco products

-Quadruples the chance of success

-Side effects, most common is nausea

21
Q

-Nicotine Replacement Products

A

-Gum

-Inhaler

-Lozenge

-Nasal Spray

-Patch
22
Q

-Second Line Medication

A

-Clonidine, eases withdrawal symptoms

-Nortriptyline, Tricyclic antidepressant
23
Q

-Type of Counseling

A

-Self help, not found to be very effective

-Individual, effective

-Group, effective

-Quit lines (Phone Based) effective

	-1800Quitnow

	-Must talk to a counselor weekly to continue to receive NRT products

	-Overcome barriers of accessibility and efficiency
24
Q

-The Cooper Clay Method

A

-Comprehensive behavioral smoking cessation program

-Started over 20 years ago by UK faculty members

	-Cooper, dentist and heavy smoker

	-Clay, expert on drug addiction

-Principles

	1# success is nothing more than a plan that is adhered to

	2# any major problem can be solved when cut into a series of smaller problems

-13 week program and available through local health departments in KY.
25
Q

-Special population

A

-Pregnant smokers

	-Encouraged to quit throughout the pregnancy

	-Smoking after 3rd month results in low birth weight infants along with many developmental delays/ difficulties

-Adolescents

	-Strong message of importance on total abstinence

	-NRT only when clear evidence of

		-Nicotine dependance

		-Clear desire to quit

-Hospital patients

	-ask each patient if they smoke, how much and how many years

	-Offer information on smoking cessation

	-If patient is interested, assist with setting up program upon discharge
26
Q

-Figure pack years

A

-Calculate pack years history * number of packs per day

	-Ex 1 : 1 pack / days * 50 = 50 pack years

	-ex 2: calculate the pack year history of a 28 year old who has smoked 2 packs/ day for the past 12 years

		-Answer 12*2=24 pack years
27
Q

-Electronic cigarettes (E-Cigs)

A

-Cylinder or chamber (tank) with a battery that heats (over 1000 degrees) Nicotine and other chemical (e juice) to produce an aerosol, stimulating the visual, sensory, and behavioral aspects of smoking without the combustion of tobacco

-They might not be called e-cigs

	-Disposable hookah

	-Hookah pen

	-E- hookah

	-Vape pipe

	-Vape pen

	-ENDS

	-Mods

-Some even play music and answer phone calls
28
Q

-E-Cig Aerosol

A

is not simply “Water vapor”

	-E smoking gives off aerosol, not water vapors

	-The aerosol contains a mix of toxic gasses and tiny particles

-Propylene glycol (lung and eye irritation)

-Formaldehyde (causes cancer)

-Metal and silicate particles (Toxic to human cells)

-Nicotine (additive)

-E-cigs may encourage dual use vs. switching altogether making it more difficult to quit.
29
Q

-The Bottom Line

A

-Most e-smokers still use conventional tobacco and remain at risk for disease

-Youth e smokers may become more addicted and lured into using conventional cigarettes

-E-cigarettes must be proven to be safe just like any other new product which FDA has not done

-The US food and drug administration recently finalized a rule that extends its regulatory authority to all tobacco products including e cigarettes, cigars and chewing tobacco and pipe tobacco as part of its goal to improve public health.

-The bottom line, the rule will help prevent young people from starting to use these products, help consumers better understand the risk of using these products, prohibit false and misleading products claiming to prevent new tobacco products from being marketed unless a manufacturer demonstrates that the product meets the relevant public health standard
30
Q

-Kentucky figures on smoking 2019-2020

A

-24.5% of the population smoke (2nd only to WV)

-14.3% middle and high school students smoke at least one in the past 30 days

-Smoking is the number one health threat in KY

-More than 8900 kentuckians die each year die to a tobacco related disease

-1.92 billion in health care cost per year

-119000 kids under 18 will die prematurely due to smoking

-Smoking kills more people than alcohol, AIDS, car accidents, illegal drugs, murder, and suicides combind and thousands more die from other tobacco related causes

31
Q

-Kentucky figures on smoking 2019-2020

A

-24.5% of the population smoke (2nd only to WV)

-14.3% middle and high school students smoke at least one in the past 30 days

-Smoking is the number one health threat in KY

-More than 8900 kentuckians die each year die to a tobacco related disease

-1.92 billion in health care cost per year

-119000 kids under 18 will die prematurely due to smoking

-Smoking kills more people than alcohol, AIDS, car accidents, illegal drugs, murder, and suicides combind and thousands more die from other tobacco related causes

Prevention and Long Term Respiratory Care (7 decks)

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